頭城國小資訊組

做套件更新時出現下面的訊息
[blocks B      ] <sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27 (“<sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27” is blocking sys-apps/openrc-0.13.8)

Total: 63 packages (3 new, 60 reinstalls), Size of downloads: 155836 KiB
Conflict: 1 block (1 unsatisfied)

 * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be
 * installed at the same time on the same system.

  (sys-apps/openrc-0.13.8:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by
    sys-apps/openrc required by @system
    sys-apps/openrc required by (virtual/service-manager-0:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)
    >=sys-apps/openrc-0.12 required by (net-misc/netifrc-0.2.2:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

  (sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-26-r2:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by
    >=sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-26 required by (sys-fs/udev-216:0/0::gentoo, installed)[@more@]
解決方式：
參考網頁：Gentoo Forums :: 觀看文章 – SOLVED: Openrc blocking kmod in recent update!
# emerge -auv openrc udev-init-scripts
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies… done!
[ebuild     U  ] sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27 [26-r2] 4 KiB
[ebuild  N     ] sys-apps/openrc-0.13.8  USE=”ncurses netifrc pam unicode -debug -newnet (-prefix) (-selinux) -static-libs -tools” 148 KiB
[ebuild  N     ] net-misc/netifrc-0.2.2  60 KiB

Total: 3 packages (1 upgrade, 2 new), Size of downloads: 211 KiB

Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No]Yes

>>> Verifying ebuild manifests

>>> Emerging (1 of 3) sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27::gentoo
 * Fetching files in the background. To view fetch progress, run
 * `tail -f /var/log/emerge-fetch.log` in another terminal.
 * udev-init-scripts-27.tar.bz2 SHA256 SHA512 WHIRLPOOL size 😉 …                                                                                                                          [ ok ]
>>> Unpacking source…
>>> Unpacking udev-init-scripts-27.tar.bz2 to /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/work
>>> Source unpacked in /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/work
>>> Preparing source in /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/work/udev-init-scripts-27 …
>>> Source prepared.
>>> Configuring source in /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/work/udev-init-scripts-27 …
>>> Source configured.
>>> Compiling source in /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/work/udev-init-scripts-27 …
make
make: Nothing to be done for ‘all’.
>>> Source compiled.
 * Skipping make test/check due to ebuild restriction.
>>> Test phase [disabled because of RESTRICT=test]: sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27

>>> Install udev-init-scripts-27 into /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image/ category sys-fs
make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image/ install
install -d /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image//etc/conf.d
install -m 0644 conf.d/* /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image//etc/conf.d
install -d /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image//etc/init.d
install -m 0755 init.d/* /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image//etc/init.d
>>> Completed installing udev-init-scripts-27 into /var/tmp/portage/sys-fs/udev-init-scripts-27/image/

試用了 Xfce 的版本後，也順道測試了 KDE 的版本

光碟開機畫面
[@more@]啟動系統中

進入 KDE 桌面環境

安裝第三方軟體畫面，這裡先選 取消，安裝到硬碟之後才進行安裝

可以在 ezgo 工具箱 執行

ezgo 工具箱

進行安裝到硬碟

安裝畫面

安裝完成，重新啟動電腦

整體感覺：
1. 開機的速度比起 Xfce 較慢
2. 安裝第三方軟體的功能可以使用

3. 安裝完成已經有中文輸入法可以使用 ibus

缺點：
1. 安裝第三方軟體的 Google Chrome 無法使用

有一台舊的 Ubuntu 10.04 Server LTS，因為支援期只到 2015-04，所以趁有時間來升級一下！
# do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new ubuntu release
Done Upgrade tool signature
Done Upgrade tool
Done downloading
authenticate ‘precise.tar.gz’ against ‘precise.tar.gz.gpg’
extracting ‘precise.tar.gz’
[@more@]正在讀取快取

正在檢查套件管理員

繼續執行於 SSH 中？

此連線階段似乎是在 ssh 下執行。目前不建議在 ssh
連線下進行升級，因為若發生失敗將會較難以修復。

若您繼續，一個額外的 ssh 背景程序將會啟動在 ‘1022’
連接埠。
您想要繼續嗎？

繼續 [yN] y

啟動後備 sshd 中

為在失敗時更易進行修復，一個後備 sshd
將在‘1022’埠被啟動。如果使用中的 ssh
有任何問題，您仍可以連接後備的 sshd 。

若您有執行防火牆，您可能需要暫時開啟此連接埠。由於此動作存在潛在危險，系統不會自動執行。您可以這樣開啟連接埠：
「iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 1022 -j ACCEPT」

若要繼續請按 [ENTER]
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
Building data structures… Done
WARNING: Failed to read mirror file
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid Release.gpg
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid-updates Release.gpg
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid Release
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid-updates Release
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/main Packages
Hit http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/restricted Packages

正在計算所有的更動

正在計算所有的更動

要開始升級嗎？

2 個已安裝套件不再受 Canonical
支援。您仍可以取得來自社群的支援。

即將移除 11 個套件。 即將安裝 176 個新套件。
即將升級 423 個套件。

要下載共309 M。 依照您的連線速率，此下載將要約 1
分鐘 的時間。

安裝升級可能會花上幾個鐘頭。一旦下載完成，程序便無法取消。

 繼續 [yN]  詳情 [d]y

中間一大段過程………

系統升級完成。

需要重新開機

需要重新開機才能完成升級。
如果您選擇「y」系統將會重新開機。

繼續 [yN]y

重新開機後，已經升級到 12.04.

Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-74-generic-pae i686)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

  System information as of Fri Jan  9 14:54:20 CST 2015

  System load:  0.41              Processes:           77
  Usage of /:   8.0% of 72.05GB   Users logged in:     0
  Memory usage: 17%               IP address for eth0: 192.168.1.22
  Swap usage:   0%

  Graph this data and manage this system at:
    https://landscape.canonical.com/

New release ‘trusty‘ available.
Run ‘do-release-upgrade‘ to upgrade to it.

還可以繼續升級到 14.04，不過暫且就先到這裡！

參考網頁：
gentoo configure ipv6 and ipv4 dual stack |
Gentoo IPv6 Setup

1. 修改網路設定
# vim /etc/conf.d/net
#For Static IP
config_eth0=(
    “192.168.53.98 netmask 255.255.255.0”
    “2001:288:a229:4:d1:2ff:fe42:5c8f/64”
)
routes_eth0=( “default gw 192.168.53.254” )
dns_servers_eth0=( “168.95.1.1 140.111.66.1” )
[@more@]
2. 重新啟動系統
# syunc;sync;sync;sync;shutdown -r now

3. 查看網路設定
# ifconfig eth0 | egrep ‘inet|inet6’
        inet 192.168.53.98  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.53.255
        inet6 2001:288:a229:4:d1:2ff:fe42:5c8f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        inet6 fe80::d1:2ff:fe42:5c8f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

4. 進行測試
# ping6 -c 4 2001:288:a201::66:96
PING 2001:288:a201::66:96(2001:288:a201::66:96) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2001:288:a201::66:96: icmp_seq=1 ttl=125 time=4.52 ms
64 bytes from 2001:288:a201::66:96: icmp_seq=2 ttl=125 time=1.97 ms
64 bytes from 2001:288:a201::66:96: icmp_seq=3 ttl=125 time=9.01 ms
64 bytes from 2001:288:a201::66:96: icmp_seq=4 ttl=125 time=1.81 ms

# ping6 -c 4 www.kame.net
PING www.kame.net(2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7: icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=39.9 ms
64 bytes from 2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7: icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=41.7 ms
64 bytes from 2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7: icmp_seq=3 ttl=49 time=41.3 ms
64 bytes from 2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7: icmp_seq=4 ttl=49 time=38.8 ms

ezgo 12 下載網址：http://ezgo.westart.tw/ezgo12/download.php
共分成 Xfce/KDE 二個桌面環境、推廣版(All in one)/基本版(Basic)、64位元/32位元等版本
[@more@]底下稍為試用了 ezgo 12 Xfce Basic x86 版
光碟開機畫面

開機畫面

可以安裝第三方軟體的畫面

也可以在 ezgo 工具箱中執行

設定值

內定安裝 Firefox，版本算蠻新的，最新的版本是 36.0.1 版

底下試著安裝到硬碟

可以順道安裝更新及第三方軟體

安裝類型

確認硬碟分割的方式

時區

鍵盤設定

帳號及密碼設定

安裝畫面

安裝完成，重新啟動電腦

按 Enter 鍵

開機之後的更新

安裝 ibus 後可以輸入中文

整體感覺：
優點：
1. 畫面整體美感不錯，執行速度非常快
2. 採用基本安裝，可視自己的需求再安裝所需套件
3. 系統 base on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Xubuntu 長期支援版，可以使用很久，不用常常換版本

可以改進的地方：
1. 安裝第三方軟體的工具似乎沒有用，因為要利用它來安裝 Google Chrome 都不能安裝
2. 既然是中文版本，安裝完成之後應該要有中文輸入法可以使用，我試過安裝 hime 好像無法輸入中文，後來改安裝 ibus 才有中文輸入法可以使用。

Scratch 2.0 Offline Editor v433 新版本
[@more@]Scratch Offline Editor 下載網頁：
http://scratch.mit.edu/scratch2download/

下載：
Mac OS X
Windows
Linux

執行畫面

目前仍有的問題：
1. 功能表中仍有部分是英文的，需要再做處理
2. 編輯器中的 文字工具，無法輸入中文

Firefox 36.0.1 版釋出

Windows 版本
ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/36.0.1/win32/zh-TW/Firefox%20Setup%2036.0.1.exe

Mac 版本
ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/36.0.1/mac/zh-TW/Firefox%2036.0.1.dmg

參考網頁：
Installing LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP and PhpMyAdmin) in Gentoo Linux
Installing Apache, MySQL, PHP in Gentoo Server | S V N Labs Softwares
LAMP Server on Gentoo – Linode Guides & Tutorials

同步套件庫
# emerge –sync

更新整個系統
# emerge –update world

安裝 Apache Web Server
# emerge apache[@more@]預設網頁根目錄 /var/www/localhost/htdocs/
底下更改成 /var/www/html
# cp /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/default_vhost.include /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/default_vhost.include.$(date +%F)
# sed -i ‘s|/var/www/localhost/htdocs|/var/www/html|’ /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/default_vhost.include
# mv /var/www/localhost/htdocs /var/www/html

cgi 目錄由 /var/www/localhost/cgi-bin 改成 /var/www/cgi-bin
# sed -i ‘s|/var/www/localhost/cgi-bin|/var/www/cgi-bin|’ /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/default_vhost.include
# sed -i ‘s|/var/www/localhost/cgi-bin|/var/www/cgi-bin|’ /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/00_default_ssl_vhost.conf

取消 Indexes 目錄顯示
# sed -i ‘s/Options Indexes/Options -Indexes/’ /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/default_vhost.include

將使用者網頁目錄由 public_html 改成 www
# sed -i ‘s/public_html/www/’ /etc/apache2/modules.d/00_mod_userdir.conf

增加網頁目錄中的 index 設定
# sed -i ‘s/DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm index.html.var/’ /etc/apache2/modules.d/00_default_settings.conf

取消 Deny from all 設定
# vim /etc/apache2/modules.d/00_default_settings.conf
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
# Deny from all
</Directory>

將 ServerSignature On 改成 ServerSignature Off
# sed -i ‘s/ServerSignature On/ServerSignature Off/’ /etc/apache2/modules.d/00_default_settings.conf

啟動 Apache Web Server，如果出現下面的訊息
# /etc/init.d/apache2 start
* Starting apache2 …
apache2: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for lemaker
* start-stop-daemon: failed to start `/usr/sbin/apache2′ [ !! ]
* ERROR: apache2 failed to start

請在 /etc/hosts 加入一行
# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 lemaker

設定開機時啟動 Apache Web Servr
# rc-update add apache2 default

安裝 MySQL Server
# emerge dev-db/mysql

啟動 MySQL Server
# /etc/init.d/mysql start
  * Checking mysqld configuration for mysql …                                                               [ ok ]
 * Starting mysql …
 * You don’t appear to have the mysql database installed yet.
 * Please run `emerge –config =dev-db/mysql-5.5.40` to have this done…
 * ERROR: mysql failed to start

如果出上面的錯誤訊息
# emerge –config =dev-db/mysql-5.5.40

Configuring pkg…

 * Please provide a password for the mysql ‘root’ user now, in the
 * MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD env var or through the /root/.my.cnf file.
 * Avoid [“‘_%] characters in the password
    >(輸入您要設定的 MySQL Server 密碼)
 * Retype the password
    >(再次輸入您要設定的 MySQL Server 密碼)
 * Creating the mysql database and setting proper
 * permissions on it …
 * Command: ‘/usr/share/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db’ ‘–basedir=/usr’  –loose-skip-grant-tables –loose-skip-host-cache –loose-skip-name-resolve –loose-skip-networking –loose-skip-slave-start –loose-skip-ssl –loose-skip-log-bin –loose-skip-relay-log –loose-skip-slow-query-log –loose-skip-external-locking –loose-skip-log-slave-updates –user=mysql –loose-skip-innodb ‘–datadir=///var/lib/mysql’ ‘–tmpdir=///tmp/’
 * Starting mysqld …
 * Command //usr/sbin/mysqld             –loose-skip-grant-tables –loose-skip-host-cache –loose-skip-name-resolve –loose-skip-networking –loose-skip-slave-start –loose-skip-ssl –loose-skip-log-bin –loose-skip-relay-log –loose-skip-slow-query-log –loose-skip-external-locking –loose-skip-log-slave-updates –user=mysql –loose-skip-innodb             –user=mysql            –log-warnings=0                –basedir=//usr                 –datadir=///var/lib/mysql                 –max_allowed_packet=8M                 –net_buffer_length=16K                 –default-storage-engine=MyISAM            –socket=//var/run/mysqld/mysqld16101.sock              –pid-file=//var/run/mysqld/mysqld20041.pid
 *              –tmpdir=///tmp/                                                                             [ ok ]
 * Setting root password …                                                                                [ ok ]
 * Loading “zoneinfo”, this step may require a few seconds … …                                          [ ok ]
 * Stopping the server …
 * Done

MySQL Server 的一些安全性設定
# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

設定開機時啟動 MySQL Server
# rc-update add mysql default

MySQL Server 設定檔
/etc/mysql/my.cnf

安裝 PHP
# USE=”apache2 mysql mysqli php cli cgi pam ssl xml xml2 berkdb innodb jpeg png pcre session unicode” emerge ‘dev-lang/php’

# vim /etc/conf.d/apache2
APACHE2_OPTS=”-D DEFAULT_VHOST -D INFO -D SSL -D SSL_DEFAULT_VHOST -D LANGUAGE -D PHP5″

PHP 設定檔
/etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini

PHP 一些設定
# sed -i ‘s/allow_url_fopen = On/allow_url_fopen = Off/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/expose_php = On/expose_php = Off/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 500M/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 500M/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/session.cookie_httponly =/session.cookie_httponly = 1/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/;date.timezone =/date.timezone = Asia/Taipei/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 300/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini
# sed -i ‘s/max_input_time = 60/max_input_time = 600/’ /etc/php/apache2-php5.5/php.ini

重新啟動 apache Web Server
# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

因為想要直接從文字介面來修改網路設定，所以移除 network-manager 相關套件
$ sudo apt-get remove –purge network-manager network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome

重新啟動網路時出現
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
 * Reconfiguring network interfaces…                                          RTNETLINK answers: No such process
resolvconf: Error: /etc/resolv.conf isn’t a symlink, not doing anything.
resolvconf: Error: /etc/resolv.conf isn’t a symlink, not doing anything.
                                                                         [ OK ][@more@]根據下面網頁解決問題：
誤刪/etc/resolv.conf [論壇 – 新手村] | Ubuntu 正體中文站

搬移檔案
$ sudo mv /etc/resolv.conf /run/resolvconf

建立連結
$ sudo ln -s /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

重新啟動網路就不會出現錯誤的訊息了！

也可以用底下網頁介紹的方式
【浪費人生】resolvconf: Error: /etc/resolv.conf isn’t a symlink, not doing anything. | [leave] for me

$ sudo dpkg–reconfigure resolvconf

安裝 logwatch
# emerge –ask logwatch

These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies… done!
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Carp-Clan-6.40.0-r1  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Sys-CPU-0.540.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Sys-MemInfo-0.910.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] virtual/mailx-1
[ebuild  N     ] virtual/cron-0
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/DateManip-6.410.0  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Tie-IxHash-1.230.0  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Bit-Vector-7.200.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Date-Calc-6.300.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] sys-apps/logwatch-7.4.0_p170-r1

Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No]y[@more@]1. 備份原設定檔 /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# cp /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf.$(date +%F)

2. 進行修改
# sed -i ‘s/MailTo = root/MailTo = xxxx@gmail.com/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/MailFrom = Logwatch/MailFrom = Logwatch@nxi.test.ilc.edu.tw/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/Output = stdout/Output = mail/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/Detail = Low/Detail = Med/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf

3. 執行 logwatch 測試是否能收到信件
# /usr/sbin/logwatch.pl