分類: Banana Pi

安裝 logwatch
# emerge –ask logwatch

These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies… done!
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Carp-Clan-6.40.0-r1  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Sys-CPU-0.540.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Sys-MemInfo-0.910.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] virtual/mailx-1
[ebuild  N     ] virtual/cron-0
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/DateManip-6.410.0  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Tie-IxHash-1.230.0  USE=”{-test}”
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Bit-Vector-7.200.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] dev-perl/Date-Calc-6.300.0-r1
[ebuild  N     ] sys-apps/logwatch-7.4.0_p170-r1

Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No]y[@more@]1. 備份原設定檔 /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# cp /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf.$(date +%F)

2. 進行修改
# sed -i ‘s/MailTo = root/MailTo = xxxx@gmail.com/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/MailFrom = Logwatch/MailFrom = Logwatch@nxi.test.ilc.edu.tw/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/Output = stdout/Output = mail/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
# sed -i ‘s/Detail = Low/Detail = Med/’ /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf

3. 執行 logwatch 測試是否能收到信件
# /usr/sbin/logwatch.pl

列出系統可以升級的套件
# emerge -pv world | grep “[ebuild     U  ]” | awk ‘{print $4}’ | awk -F ‘/’ ‘{print $2}’
procps-3.3.9-r2

列出系統已安裝套件
# emerge -pv world | grep “[ebuild   R    ]” | awk ‘{print $4}’ | awk -F ‘/’ ‘{print $2}’ | head
xz-utils-5.0.8
bzip2-1.0.6-r6
gnuconfig-20140212
which-2.20-r1
baselayout-2.2
patch-2.6.1
os-headers-0
file-5.21
net-tools-1.60_p20130513023548
coreutils-8.21[@more@]利用 gmail 來寄信
1. 安裝 ssmtp 及 mailx
# emerge ssmtp mailx

2. 備份原設定檔 /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
# cp /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf.$(date +%F)

3. 修改設定檔 /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
# vim /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
#root=postmaster
# The place where the mail goes. The actual machine name is required
# no MX records are consulted. Commonly mailhosts are named mail.domain.com
# The example will fit if you are in domain.com and you mailhub is so named.
mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587
# Where will the mail seem to come from?
#rewriteDomain=y
# The full hostname
#hostname=root-chroot-copy
# 寄件者帳號
AuthUser=xxxx@gmail.com
# 寄件者密碼
AuthPass=xxxx
UseSTARTTLS=YES
FromLineOverride=yes #enables to use mail -r option

4. 更改檔案權限
# chmod 0600 /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf

5. 建立 Script
# cat /usr/lcoal/bin/check-update
#!/bin/bash
emerge -pv world | grep “[ebuild     U  ]” | awk ‘{print $4}’ | awk -F ‘/’ ‘{print $2}’ > /tmp/$(date +%F)
if [ -s /tmp/$(date +%F) ] ;then
   mail -s “Gentoo Linux Updates Available” xxxx@gmail.com < /tmp/$(date +%F)
   rm -rf /tmp/$(date +%F)
else
   rm -rf /tmp/$(date +%F)
fi

6. 更改檔案執行權限
# chmod 700  /usr/lcoal/bin/check-update

7. 排程(每 3 小時執行一次)
# crontab -l
0 3 * * * /usr/lcoal/bin/check-update

Gentoo Linux 提供許多個系統記錄器的選擇。分別為 sysklogd，它是一個傳統的系統記錄伺服器，syslog-ng ，是一個進階的系統記錄器。
# emerge -s syslog-ng
Searching…
[ Results for search key : syslog-ng ]
[ Applications found : 1 ]

*  app-admin/syslog-ng
      Latest version available: 3.4.8
      Latest version installed: [ Not Installed ]
      Size of files: 3,095 kB
      Homepage:      http://www.balabit.com/network-security/syslog-ng
      Description:   syslog replacement with advanced filtering features
      License:       GPL-2+ LGPL-2.1+

# emerge -s sysklogd
Searching…
[ Results for search key : sysklogd ]
[ Applications found : 1 ]

*  app-admin/sysklogd
      Latest version available: 1.5.1
      Latest version installed: [ Not Installed ]
      Size of files: 112 kB
      Homepage:      http://www.infodrom.org/projects/sysklogd/
      Description:   Standard log daemons
      License:       BSD
[@more@]
安裝系統紀錄器 sysklogd
# emerge sysklogd

啟動 sysklogd
# /etc/init.d/sysklogd start

開機時啟動
# rc-update add sysklogd default

或安裝 syslog-ng 系統紀錄器
# emerge syslog-ng

啟動 sysklogd
# /etc/init.d/syslog-ng start

開機時啟動
# rc-update add syslog-ng default

安裝紀錄檔置換程式
# emerge logrotate

在做套件更新或安裝時，有時會出現類似下面的訊息
* IMPORTANT: 8 news items need reading for repository ‘gentoo’.
 * Use eselect news to read news items.

在網路上搜尋了一下，在下面的網址找到了解答
Gentoo Taiwan 討論區 • 檢視主題 – 安裝PHP 問題[@more@]
列出這 8 項的項次
# eselect news list
News items:
  [1]      2012-05-21  Portage config-protect-if-modified default
  [2]      2012-11-06  PYTHON_TARGETS deployment
  [3]      2013-06-07  Portage preserve-libs default
  [4]      2013-08-23  Language of messages in emerge logs and output
  [5]      2013-09-27  Separate /usr on Linux requires initramfs
  [6]      2014-06-15  GCC 4.8.3 defaults to -fstack-protector
  [7]      2014-10-26  GCC 4.7 Introduced the New C++11 ABI
  [8]      2014-11-07  Upgrade to udev >= 217 or eudev >= 2.1

列出第一項
# eselect news read 1
2012-05-21-portage-config-protect-if-modified
  Title                     Portage config-protect-if-modified default
  Author                    Zac Medico <zmedico@gentoo.org>
  Posted                    2012-05-21
  Revision                  1

Beginning with sys-apps/portage-2.1.10.61, FEATURES=config-protect-if-modified
is enabled by default. This causes the CONFIG_PROTECT behavior to be skipped
for files that have not been modified since they were installed.

If you would like to disable this behavior by default, then set
FEATURES=”-config-protect-if-modified” in make.conf. See the make.conf(5) man
page for more information about this feature.

列出全部的前 15 行
# eselect news read new | head -15
2012-05-21-portage-config-protect-if-modified
  Title                     Portage config-protect-if-modified default
  Author                    Zac Medico <zmedico@gentoo.org>
  Posted                    2012-05-21
  Revision                  1

Beginning with sys-apps/portage-2.1.10.61, FEATURES=config-protect-if-modified
is enabled by default. This causes the CONFIG_PROTECT behavior to be skipped
for files that have not been modified since they were installed.

If you would like to disable this behavior by default, then set
FEATURES=”-config-protect-if-modified” in make.conf. See the make.conf(5) man
page for more information about this feature.

好久不見的洪博所 Build 的 Banana Pi Image
開機登入畫面
[@more@]1. 桌面環境

2. 安裝的套件
影音

教育

系統工具

網際網路

美工繪圖

辦公

遊戲

附屬應用程式

偏好設定

其它：

使用之後的感想：
優點：
1. 執行速度非常快
2. 該有的軟體幾乎都有了，也有一些是專為教育推廣使用，如：OX 書庫、OX 教學工具、OX 數位測驗庫…等。
3. 螢幕顯示的字體有稍為加大，方便視力不太方便的使用者

個人認為可以改進的地方：
1. 這個 Image 應該是用來做為 demo 使用，因為套件無法做後續更新
    /etc/yum.repos.d 中沒有任何設定

2. 套件及軟體的版本稍舊
    Firefox 17.0.1 版本及 Fedora release 17(Beefy Wiracle)

並無內建安裝任何的外掛程式

3. 網際網路中的 gftp 建議改成 FileZilla，另外增加 Chromium 瀏覽器
4. 好久不見的 oxim 輸入法架構的行列輸入法，目前比較多人使用的應該是行列30，行列40使用的人應該比較少。

整體來說是一個值得期待的版本！

增加服務
語法：
# rc-update add scriptname runlevels
範例：
# rc-update add vixie-cron default
 * service vixie-cron added to runlevel default

刪除服務
語法：
# rc-update del scriptname runlevels
# rc-update del scriptname
範例：
# rc-update del dhcpd default
 * service dhcpd removed from runlevel default

runlevels 可以是 boot / default ….
[@more@]
列出可用的 Script 和運行層級
# rc-update show
             bootmisc | boot
                devfs |                       sysinit
                dmesg |                       sysinit
                 fsck | boot
             hostname | boot
              keymaps | boot
            killprocs |              shutdown
    kmod-static-nodes |                       sysinit
                local |      default
           localmount | boot
             loopback | boot
              modules | boot
             mount-ro |              shutdown
                 mtab | boot
             net.eth0 |      default
             netmount |      default
           ntp-client |      default
               procfs | boot
                 root | boot
            savecache |              shutdown
                 sshd |      default
                 swap | boot
            swapfiles | boot
              swclock | boot
               sysctl | boot
                sysfs |                       sysinit
         termencoding | boot
         tmpfiles.dev |                       sysinit
       tmpfiles.setup | boot
                 udev |                       sysinit
           udev-mount |                       sysinit
              urandom | boot

# rc-status
Runlevel: default
 net.eth0                                                                                             [  started  ]
 ntp-client                                                                                           [  started  ]
 sshd                                                                                                 [  started  ]
 netmount                                                                                             [  started  ]
 local                                                                                                [  started  ]
Dynamic Runlevel: hotplugged
Dynamic Runlevel: needed
Dynamic Runlevel: manual

一般在 Linux 中，都有一個可以在開機後執行一些程式的設定檔，一般來說都叫做 rc.local，可能是位在 /etc 或 /etc/rc.d 的目錄之下，但也有一些 Linux 在新的版本中，逐漸捨棄這項功能，如果要使用這樣的功能，還要特別去設定。
在 Gentoo Linux 中，這一個設定檔，叫 local.start，位在 /etc/local.d 目錄之下
# vim /etc/local.d/local.start
#!/bin/bash
if [ -e /etc/firewall.server ] ;then
echo “Starting Firewall…”
   sh /etc/firewall.server
fi

設定檔案執行權限
# chmod 700 /etc/local.d/local.start

cron 工作排程也不是內建就有安裝，須要另外安裝
# crontab -l
-bash: crontab: command not found

安裝
# emerge vixie-cron
或
# emerge fcron
或
# emerge cronie
[@more@]
列出工作排程
# crontab -l
# crontab -u bananapi -l

加入工作排程
# crontab -e
# crontab -u bananapi -e

移除工作排程
# crontab -r
# crontab -u bananapi -r

原本的使用狀況
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       3.4G  1.7G  1.5G  53% /
devtmpfs        438M     0  438M   0% /dev
tmpfs            88M  284K   88M   1% /run
shm             438M     0  438M   0% /dev/shm
cgroup_root      10M     0   10M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

使用 fdisk 做磁碟分割
# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
[@more@]刪除第二個分割區，並重建第二個分割區

重新啟動電腦
# reboot

使用 resize2fs 擴大分割區的大小
# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2
resize2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p2 is now 1923584 blocks long.

擴充之後的磁碟空間
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       7.2G  1.7G  5.2G  25% /
devtmpfs        438M     0  438M   0% /dev
tmpfs            88M  284K   88M   1% /run
shm             438M     0  438M   0% /dev/shm
cgroup_root      10M     0   10M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

Gentoo Linux 果然非常精簡，連 iptables 都沒有內建安裝
# iptables -L -n
-bash: iptables: command not found

安裝 iptables
# emerge iptables

設定開機時啟動
# rc-update add iptables default
 * service iptables added to runlevel default[@more@]
將目前的防火牆規則儲存起來
# /sbin/iptables-save > /var/lib/iptables/rules-save
或
# rc-service iptables save