Ubuntu – 第 2 頁 – 頭城國小資訊組

1. 加入 OpenNMS 套件庫來源
# vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opennms.list
deb http://debian.opennms.org stable main
deb-src http://debian.opennms.org stable main

2. 取得並安裝 GPG Key
# wget -O – http://debian.opennms.org/OPENNMS-GPG-KEY | apt-key add –

3. 更新套件庫
# apt-get update[@more@]
4. 安裝 OpneNMS
# apt-get install opennms

如果出現如下圖的錯誤，請做

5. 啟動 PostgreSQL Server
# systemctl start postgresql.service

6. 建立 PostgreSQL Server 管理者密碼
# su – postgres
$ psql -c “ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD ‘YOUR-POSTGRES-PASSWORD’;”
ALTER ROLE

7. 建立使用者 opennms 和密碼
$ createuser -P opennms
Enter password for new role:
Enter it again:

8. 建立 OpenNMS 資料庫
$ createdb -O opennms opennms
$ psql -c “ALTER USER opennms WITH SUPERUSER;”
ALTER ROLE
$ exit

9. 解決 iplike 出錯的問題
# cat /tmp/install_iplike.log
psql: FATAL: database “opennms” does not exist

# /usr/sbin/install_iplike.sh
Password for user postgres:
CREATE FUNCTION

10. 設定 OpenNMS 連線的帳號及密碼(123456 請替換成正確的密碼)
# sed -i -e ‘/password/s/password=”opennms”/password=”123456″/’ -e ‘/password/s/password=””/password=”YOUR-POSTGRES-PASSWORD“/’ /usr/share/opennms/etc/opennms-datasources.xml
<jdbc-data-source name=”opennms”
                    database-name=”opennms”
                    class-name=”org.postgresql.Driver”
                    url=”jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/opennms”
                    user-name=”opennms”
                    password=”123456″ />

<jdbc-data-source name=”opennms-admin”
                    database-name=”template1″
                    class-name=”org.postgresql.Driver”
                    url=”jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/template1″
                    user-name=”postgres”
                    password=”YOUR-POSTGRES-PASSWORD” />

11. 設定 OpenNMS
# /usr/share/opennms/bin/runjava -s
runjava: Looking for an appropriate JRE…
runjava: Checking for an appropriate JRE in JAVA_HOME…
runjava: skipping… JAVA_HOME not set
runjava: Checking JRE in user’s path: “/usr/bin/java”…
runjava: found an appropriate JRE in user’s path: “/usr/bin/java”
runjava: value of “/usr/bin/java” stored in configuration file

12. 資料庫及系統 libraries 初始化
# /usr/share/opennms/bin/install -dis

13. 鎖住資料庫權限
# su – postgres
$ psql -c “ALTER ROLE opennms NOSUPERUSER;”
$ psql -c “ALTER ROLE opennms NOCREATEDB;”
$ exit

14. 啟動 OpenNMS
# systemctl enable opennms.service
opennms.service is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install
Executing /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable opennms

# systemctl start opennms.service

15. 防火牆設定
# ufw allow 8980/tcp
Rules updated
Rules updated (v6)
或
# iptables -A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 8980 -j ACCEPT

16. 安裝 jrrd2
# apt-get install jrrd2

17. 設定 rrdtool
# sed -i ‘/MultithreadedJniRrdStrategy/s/^#org/org/’ /usr/share/opennms/etc/rrd-configuration.properties
# sed -i ‘/rrd2/s/^#opennms/opennms/’ /usr/share/opennms/etc/rrd-configuration.properties
# sed -i ‘/rrd2/s/^#org/org/’ /opt/opennms/etc/rrd-configuration.properties
# sed -i ‘s@/usr/lib64@/usr/lib/jni@’ /usr/share/opennms/etc/rrd-configuration.properties

2017 年 6 月 12 日

判別 Linux 系統是不是在虛擬機器

方式很多種
以下針對 VMware 所架設的虛擬機器
1. 使用 lshw 指令
# yum install lshw
# lshw | grep -m 1 product
product: VMware Virtual Platform

2. 使用 lspci 指令
# yum install pciutils
# lspci | grep -m 1 System
00:07.7 System peripheral: VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface (rev 10)

3. 使用 dmidecode 指令
# yum install dmidecode
# dmidecode | grep -m 1 Product
Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform[@more@]4. 使用 virt-what 指令
# yum install virt-what
# apt-get install virt-what
在 VMware
# virt-what
vmware
在 Proxmox
# virt-what
lxc
在 VirtualBox
# virt-what
virtualbox

2017 年 6 月 9 日2021 年 3 月 18 日

在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安裝 Nagios 4.x

因為 Ubuntu 16.04 套件庫中的 Nagios 是 3.x 版，所以要改用手動的方式進行安裝
# apt-cache search nagios | grep ^nagios
nagios-images – Collection of images and icons for the nagios system
nagios-nrpe-plugin – Nagios Remote Plugin Executor Plugin
nagios-nrpe-server – Nagios Remote Plugin Executor Server
nagios-plugins – transitional dummy package (nagios-plugins to monitoring-plugins)
nagios-plugins-basic – transitional dummy package
nagios-plugins-standard – transitional dummy package
nagios3 – host/service/network monitoring and management system
nagios3-cgi – cgi files for nagios3
nagios3-common – support files for nagios3
nagios3-core – host/service/network monitoring and management system core files
nagios3-dbg – debugging symbols and debug stuff for nagios3
nagios3-doc – documentation for nagios3
nagios-check-xmppng – monitoring plugin to check XMPP servers
nagios-plugin-check-multi – run nagios checks as a group
nagios-plugins-common – transitional dummy package
nagios-plugins-contrib – Plugins for nagios compatible monitoring systems
nagios-plugins-extra – transitional dummy package
nagios-plugins-rabbitmq – Set of Nagios checks useful for monitoring a RabbitMQ server
nagios-snmp-plugins – SNMP Plugins for nagios
nagios2mantis – Automatically create Mantis issues on Nagios events

參考網頁：
How to Install Nagios on Ubuntu 16.04
How To Install Nagios Core 4.1.1 In Ubuntu 15.10/16.04 | Unixmen
Install Nagios core 4.1.1 on Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) Server | Ubuntu Geek
How To Install Nagios on Ubuntu 16.04 – idroot[@more@]請先安裝好 Apache / MySQL / PHP
1. 安裝編譯及必要套件
# apt-get install build-essential libgd-dev apache2-utils unzip

2. 建立使用者及群組資料
# useradd -m nagios
# groupadd nagcmd
# usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
# usermod -a -G nagcmd www-data

3. 到 Nagios 官方網站下載所須程式
Nagios Core 下載網站：https://www.nagios.org/downloads/nagios-core/
Nagios Plugin 下載網頁：https://www.nagios.org/downloads/nagios-plugins/
下載時的最新版本 Nagios Core 4.3.1 / Nagios Plugin 2.1.4

# wget https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagioscore/releases/nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz
# wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.1.4.tar.gz

4. 解壓縮
# tar xvzf nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz

5. 切換目錄
# cd nagios-4.3.1

6. 開始編譯
# ./configure –with-command-group=nagcmd
General Options:
————————-
        Nagios executable: nagios
        Nagios user/group: nagios,nagios
       Command user/group: nagios,nagcmd
             Event Broker: yes
        Install ${prefix}: /usr/local/nagios
    Install ${includedir}: /usr/local/nagios/include/nagios
                Lock file: ${prefix}/var/nagios.lock
   Check result directory: ${prefix}/var/spool/checkresults
           Init directory: /etc/init.d
Apache conf.d directory: /etc/apache2/sites-available
             Mail program: /bin/mail
                  Host OS: linux-gnu
          IOBroker Method: epoll

Web Interface Options:
————————
HTML URL: http://localhost/nagios/
CGI URL: http://localhost/nagios/cgi-bin/
Traceroute (used by WAP):

Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay,
type ‘make all’ to compile the main program and CGIs.

7. 進行安裝
# make all
# make install
You can continue with installing Nagios as follows (type ‘make’
without any arguments for a list of all possible options):

make install-init
– This installs the init script in /etc/init.d

make install-commandmode
– This installs and configures permissions on the
directory for holding the external command file

make install-config
– This installs sample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc

# make install-init
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 -d -o root -g root /etc/init.d
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 -o root -g root daemon-init /etc/init.d/nagios

*** Init script installed ***

# make install-commandmode
/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagcmd -d /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
chmod g+s /usr/local/nagios/var/rw

*** External command directory configured ***

# make install-config
/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc
/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/nagios.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/cgi.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 660 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/resource.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/templates.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/commands.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/contacts.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/timeperiods.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/localhost.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/windows.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/printer.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/printer.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/switch.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/switch.cfg

*** Config files installed ***

Remember, these are *SAMPLE* config files. You’ll need to read
the documentation for more information on how to actually define
services, hosts, etc. to fit your particular needs.

8. 安裝 Nagios Web interface:
# make install-webconf
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 sample-config/httpd.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/nagios.conf
if [ 1 -eq 1 ]; then
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/nagios.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/nagios.conf;
fi

*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***

9. 建立密碼
# /usr/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user nagiosadmin

10. 安裝 Nagios plugins:
切換目錄
# cd ..
解壓縮
# tar xvzf nagios-plugins-2.1.4.tar.gz
切換目錄
# cd nagios-plugins-2.1.4
進行編譯
# ./configure –with-nagios-user=nagios –with-nagios-group=nagios

安裝
# make
# make install

11. 修改收件者
# sed -i ‘s/nagios@localhost/xxxxx@gmail.com/’ /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

12. 開啟 rewrite / cgi 功能
# a2enmod rewrite
Enabling module rewrite.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
service apache2 restart

# a2enmod cgi
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the ‘ServerName’ directive globally to suppress this message
Enabling module cgi.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
service apache2 restart

13. 重新啟動 Apache Web Server
# systemctl restart apache2.service

14. 檢查 Nagios 設定檔
# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

Nagios Core 4.3.1
Copyright (c) 2009-present Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors
Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad
Last Modified: 02-23-2017
License: GPL

Website: https://www.nagios.org
Reading configuration data…
Read main config file okay…
Read object config files okay…

Running pre-flight check on configuration data…

Checking objects…
        Checked 8 services.
        Checked 1 hosts.
        Checked 1 host groups.
        Checked 0 service groups.
        Checked 1 contacts.
        Checked 1 contact groups.
        Checked 24 commands.
        Checked 5 time periods.
        Checked 0 host escalations.
        Checked 0 service escalations.
Checking for circular paths…
        Checked 1 hosts
        Checked 0 service dependencies
        Checked 0 host dependencies
        Checked 5 timeperiods
Checking global event handlers…
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands…
Checking misc settings…

Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0

Things look okay – No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

15. 啟動 Nagios Server
# /etc/init.d/nagios start
[….] Starting nagios (via systemctl): nagios.serviceFailed to start nagios.service: Unit nagios.service not found.
failed!

如果出現錯誤訊息，進行下面修改
備份原檔
# mv /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/init.d/nagios.$(date +%F)
複製 /etc/init.d/skeleton 成為 /etc/init.d/nagios
# cp /etc/init.d/skeleton /etc/init.d/nagios
# vim /etc/init.d/nagios
把以下二行刪除
DESC=”Description of the service”
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/daemonexecutablename
改成
DESC=”Nagios”
NAME=nagios
DAEMON=/usr/local/nagios/bin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS=”-d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg”
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nagios/var/$NAME.lock

更改檔案執行權限
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nagios

或
# mv /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/init.d/nagios.$(date +%F)
# vim /etc/systemd/system/nagios.service
[Unit]
Description=Nagios
BindTo=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=nagios
Group=nagios
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

# systemctl enable /etc/systemd/system/nagios.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nagios.service to /etc/systemd/system/nagios.service.

# systemctl start nagios.service

16. 啟動 Nagios Server
# /etc/init.d/nagios start
* Starting Nagios nagios [ OK ]

17. 建立用來存其它偵測主機的目錄
# mkdir /usr/local/nagios/etc/conf.d
# sed -i ‘/#cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/routers/acfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/conf.d’ /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

2017 年 6 月 8 日2021 年 3 月 18 日

解決在 Ubuntu 16.04 上 Cacti monitor 模組一片空白

在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安裝 Cacti monitor 模組後，一片空白，檢查 Apache Log 發現有下面的錯誤訊息
# grep error /var/log/apache2/error.log
PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function split() in /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php:34nStack trace:n#0 {main}n thrown in /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php on line 33

[@more@]在網路上搜尋了一下，找到
Cacti • View topic – Blank page plugin monitor
How to make Cacti’s Plugin Monitor works on PHP 7

這二篇，似乎是新版本的 PHP 7.x 不支援 split 函數，要改用 explode 函數。

1. 先備份原檔
# mv /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php.$(date +%F)

2. 下載修改完成的檔案
# wget https://2blog.ilc.edu.tw/wp-content/uploads/sites/985/25793/25793-3792019.zip -P /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor

3. 解壓縮
# unzip /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/25793-3792019.zip

4. 修改 /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php 中的設定
# vim /usr/share/cacti/site/plugins/monitor/monitor.php
改成您的設定，共有二行
$link = mysqli_connect(“localhost”, “帳號”, “密碼”, “資料庫名稱”);

5. 重新瀏覽就可以看到畫面了！

2017 年 5 月 19 日

ss 網路管理工具

ss 的功能和 netstat 相近。
主要參數有：

	說明
-a	顯示所有的 socket ！
-n	以數字來取代介面名稱與 port 號！
-t	顯示使用 TCP 的 socket ！
-u	顯示使用 UDP 的 socket ！
-l	只顯示監聽中的 socket ！
-p	顯示 socket 執行序的 ID 號碼！

[@more@]# ss -antulp
Netid State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                                          Local Address:Port                                                                         Peer Address:Port
udp   UNCONN     0      0                                                                           *:161                                                                                     *:*                   users:((“snmpd”,pid=52,fd=6))
tcp   LISTEN     0      128                                                                 127.0.0.1:199                                                                                     *:*                   users:((“snmpd”,pid=52,fd=7))
tcp   LISTEN     0      128                                                                         *:22                                                                                      *:*                   users:((“sshd”,pid=72,fd=3))
tcp   LISTEN     0      128                                                                        :::22                                                                                     :::*                   users:((“sshd”,pid=72,fd=4))

# netstat -antulp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:199           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      52/snmpd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      72/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      72/sshd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:161             0.0.0.0:*                           52/snmpd

還是比較習慣使用 netstat

2017 年 5 月 18 日

ip 網路管理工具

ip 指令和 ifconfig 的功能有些類似，但命令可以更加簡短

1. 列出所有網路介面 IP
# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
112: eth0@if113: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 9e:5b:bb:11:35:a7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.1.17/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[@more@]2. 單獨列出某一網路介面
# ip addr show eth0
# ip a s eth0
112: eth0@if113: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 9e:5b:bc:14:35:a7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.1.17/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0

3. 列出網路路由
# ip route
# ip r
default via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.17

取出 IP
# ip a s eth0 | grep ‘inet ‘ | awk ‘{print $2}’ | awk -F’/’ ‘{print $1}’
192.168.1.17
# ip r | grep src | awk ‘{print $9}’
192.168.1.17

取出 mac address
# ip a s eth0 | grep ‘link/ether’ | awk ‘{print $2}’
9e:5b:bb:11:35:a7

2017 年 5 月 16 日

使用 diff / patch 來修正檔案

diff 可以產生二個檔案之間的差異對照，然後利用 patch 來進行修正。

1.產生二個檔案間差異
-a 將所有檔案都視為文字檔
-u 輸出預設三行的相同文字行
-r 遞迴比較所有的子目錄
-N 將缺少的檔案視為空檔案
# diff -Naur server.conf.2017-02-20 server.conf > /root/server.diff

2. 將差異檔和待修正的檔案放在一起
# cp /etc/openvpn/server.conf.2017-02-20 /root/server.conf

3. 利用 patch 進行修正
# cd /root
# patch -i server.diff

4. 比較二者間是否有差異
# diff /root/server.conf /etc/openvpn/server.conf

如果執行完後沒有任何訊息，代表二個檔案完全相同

2017 年 5 月 4 日2021 年 3 月 18 日

解決執行 locale 出現的錯誤訊息

原本的 OB2D-XFCE-Server-2017 訊息是顯示中文的，但因個人使用習慣，所以移除了 X-Window，使用 SSH Client 遠端登入後，顯示訊息是中文的，就有些不太習慣。
# cp /etc/default/locale /etc/default/locale.$(date +%F)
# sed -i ‘s/zh_TW/en_US/’ /etc/default/locale
# sed -i ‘s/zh/en/’ /etc/default/locale

# locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
Generating locales (this might take a while)…
zh_TW.UTF-8… done
Generation complete.

但執行 locale 會出現警告提示的訊息
# locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_NUMERIC=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_TIME=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_COLLATE=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_MONETARY=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_MESSAGES=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_PAPER=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_NAME=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_ADDRESS=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_TELEPHONE=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_MEASUREMENT=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_IDENTIFICATION=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_ALL=[@more@]解決方式：
# dpkg-reconfigure locale

這樣就正常了！
# locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US:en
LC_CTYPE=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_NUMERIC=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_TIME=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_COLLATE=”en_US.UTF-8″
LC_MONETARY=”en_US.UTF-8″
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2017 年 4 月 17 日

列出 CentOS / Debian / Ubuntu 開機時服務啟動的設定狀態

在 RedHat / CentOS Linux 中可以使用 chkconfig / systemctl 來查看開機時服務啟動的設定狀態
CentOS 6.x
# /sbin/chkconfig –list
crond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
fail2ban        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:on    5:on    6:off
htcacheclean    0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
httpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
ipset           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
netconsole      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
netfs           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
ntpdate         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
rdisc           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
restorecond     0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
rsyslog         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
snmpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
snmptrapd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
udev-post       0:off   1:on    2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off[@more@]
# /sbin/chkconfig –list snmpd
snmpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off

# /sbin/chkconfig –list | grep 3:on
crond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
httpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
ipset           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
netfs           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
rsyslog         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
snmpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

CentOS 7.x
# /usr/bin/systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled
autovt@.service                        enabled
barnyard2.service                      enabled
crond.service                          enabled
getty@.service                         enabled
httpd.service                          enabled
iptables.service                       enabled
mariadb.service                        enabled
rsyslog.service                        enabled
snmpd.service                          enabled
sshd.service                           enabled
systemd-readahead-collect.service      enabled
systemd-readahead-drop.service         enabled
systemd-readahead-replay.service       enabled
default.target                         enabled
graphical.target                       enabled
remote-fs.target                       enabled
runlevel5.target                       enabled

在 Debian / Ubuntu
# apt-get install sysv-rc-conf

# /usr/sbin/sysv-rc-conf –list
atd          0:off      1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
bootlogs     1:on       2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on
cron         2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
dbus         2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
halt         0:off
killprocs    1:on
kmod         S:on
motd         1:on       2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on
networking   0:off      6:off   S:on
postfix      0:off      1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
procps       S:on
rc.local     2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
reboot       6:off
rmnologin    2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
rpcbind      0:off      1:off   6:off   S:on
rsync        2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
rsyslog      0:off      1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
sendsigs     0:off      6:off
single       1:on
snmpd        0:off      1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
ssh          2:on       3:on    4:on    5:on
umountfs     0:off      6:off
umountroot   0:off      6:off
urandom      0:off      6:off   S:on
x11-common   S:on