月份: 2016 年 7 月

參考網頁：
Creating RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity) in Linux – Part 4
Debian RAID-5 (效能與備份) | JR 的網路日誌
[筆記]Linux 軟體 RAID 5 實作 @ Paul’s Blog :: 痞客邦 PIXNET ::
OS：Debian Linux 5.8.0
HDD：
10G*1 Debian Linux System
20G *4 (/dev/sdb,sdc,sdd,sde)

1. 安裝 mdadm 套件
# apt-get install mdadm

[@more@]2. 查看目前磁碟狀態
# fdisk -l | grep ‘^Disk /dev’
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

3. 建立磁碟分割區
# fdisk /dev/sdb

不一定要更改成 fd

重複上面的動作，完成所有的磁碟
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

4. 建立 /dev/md0 磁碟陣列分割區
# mdadm –create /dev/md0 –level=5 –raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
或
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l=5 -n=4 /dev/sd[b-e]1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

5. 查看建置結果
# fdisk -l | grep /dev/md0
Disk /dev/md0: 60 GiB, 64371032064 bytes, 125724672 sectors

# mdadm –detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Jun 27 19:12:21 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 62862336 (59.95 GiB 64.37 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Mon Jun 27 19:14:47 2016
          State : clean, degraded, recovering
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

 Rebuild Status : 40% complete

           Name : debian:0  (local to host debian)
           UUID : 432ac899:b8c0fceb:26f9df48:bba894aa
         Events : 7

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       4       8       65        3      spare rebuilding   /dev/sde1

6. 格式化分割區
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/md0
Creating filesystem with 15715584 4k blocks and 3932160 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c416cc70-98ea-4eb5-b997-b93fd2410d35
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

7. 建立掛載目錄並掛載
# mkdir /mnt/raid5
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid5
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       9.3G  1.1G  7.8G  12% /
udev             10M     0   10M   0% /dev
tmpfs           400M  5.9M  394M   2% /run
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0         59G   52M   56G   1% /mnt/raid5

8. 查看硬碟的 UUID
# blkid | grep /dev/md0
/dev/md0: UUID=”c416cc70-98ea-4eb5-b997-b93fd2410d35″ TYPE=”ext4″

9. 修改 /etc/fstab
# vim /etc/fstab
加入下面一行
UUID=c416cc70-98ea-4eb5-b997-b93fd2410d35 /mnt/raid5               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       0

10.編輯 /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf  設定檔
# mdadm –detail –scan –verbose >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=4 metadata=1.2 name=debian:0 UUID=432ac899:b8c0fceb:26f9df48:bba894aa
   devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdd1,/dev/sde1

11. 磁碟分割資訊
# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sd
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdb1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
/dev/sda1  *        2048 20013055 20011008  9.6G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       20015102 20969471   954370  466M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       20015104 20969471   954368  466M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdc: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdc1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdd: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdd1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sde: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sde1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G fd Linux raid autodetect

12. 檢查是否有正確掛載
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       9.3G  1.1G  7.8G  12% /
udev             10M     0   10M   0% /dev
tmpfs           400M  5.9M  394M   2% /run
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0         59G   52M   56G   1% /mnt/raid5

參考網頁：
Creating Software RAID0 (Stripe) on ‘Two Devices’ Using ‘mdadm’ Tool in Linux – Part 2
Debian RAID-0 (等量模式) | JR 的網路日誌
OS：Debian Linux 5.8.0
HDD：
10G*1 Debian Linux System
20G *4 (/dev/sdb,sdc,sdd,sde)

1. 安裝 mdadm 套件
# apt-get install mdadm


[@more@]2. 查看目前磁碟狀態
# fdisk -l | grep ‘^Disk /dev’
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

3. 建立磁碟分割區
# fdisk /dev/sdb

不一定要更改成 fd

重複上面的動作，完成所有的磁碟
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

4. 建立 /dev/md0 磁碟陣列分割區
# mdadm –create /dev/md0 –level=stripe –raid-devices=4 /dev/sd[b-e]1
或
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l raid0 -n 4 /dev/sd[b-e]1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

5. 查看建置結果
# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sde1[3] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      83816448 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>

/dev/sdb1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 7d559d15:91cc1bec:54dcd941:8f10e5ff
           Name : debian:0  (local to host debian)
  Creation Time : Mon Jun 27 19:09:38 2016
     Raid Level : raid0
   Raid Devices : 4

 Avail Dev Size : 41908224 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
    Data Offset : 32768 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
   Unused Space : before=32680 sectors, after=0 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : b77c8a2f:aad8c146:6da755a5:6f3db3e3

    Update Time : Mon Jun 27 19:09:38 2016
  Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
       Checksum : 37037bb0 – correct
         Events : 0

     Chunk Size : 512K

   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AAAA (‘A’ == active, ‘.’ == missing, ‘R’ == replacing)

#  fdisk -l | grep /dev/md0
Disk /dev/md0: 80 GiB, 85828042752 bytes, 167632896 sectors

# mdadm –detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Jun 27 19:09:38 2016
     Raid Level : raid0
     Array Size : 83816448 (79.93 GiB 85.83 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Mon Jun 27 19:09:38 2016
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : debian:0  (local to host debian)
           UUID : 7d559d15:91cc1bec:54dcd941:8f10e5ff
         Events : 0

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       3       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1

6. 進行 RAID 磁碟分割
# fdisk /dev/md0

7. 格式化分割區
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0p1
mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Creating filesystem with 20953600 4k blocks and 5242880 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a89c1629-75b4-4660-b5cd-cbcf72595fe8
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

8. 建立掛載目錄並掛載
# mkdir /mnt/raid0
# mount /dev/md0p1 /mnt/raid0
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       9.3G  1.1G  7.8G  12% /
udev             10M     0   10M   0% /dev
tmpfs           400M  5.9M  394M   2% /run
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0p1         79G   56M   75G   1% /mnt/raid0

9. 查看硬碟的 UUID
# blkid | grep /dev/md0p1
/dev/md0p1: UUID=”b57de29c-9210-48bc-9ba6-1f5224feb42f” TYPE=”ext4″

10. 修改 /etc/fstab
# vim /etc/fstab
加入下面一行
UUID=b57de29c-9210-48bc-9ba6-1f5224feb42f /mnt/raid0      ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       0

11. 編輯 /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf  設定檔
#  mdadm -E -s -v >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
或
#  mdadm –detail –scan –verbose >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md/0  level=raid0 metadata=1.2 num-devices=4 UUID=7d559d15:91cc1bec:54dcd941:8f10e5ff name=debian:0
   devices=/dev/sde1,/dev/sdd1,/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdb1

12. 磁碟分割資訊
# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sd
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdb1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
/dev/sda1  *        2048 20013055 20011008  9.6G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       20015102 20969471   954370  466M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       20015104 20969471   954368  466M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdc: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdc1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdd1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sde1        2048 41943039 41940992  20G 83 Linux

13. 檢查是否有正確掛載
# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       9.3G  1.1G  7.8G  12% /
udev             10M     0   10M   0% /dev
tmpfs           400M  5.9M  394M   2% /run
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           999M     0  999M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0p1       79G   56M   75G   1% /mnt/raid0

更新說明：https://support.apple.com/zh-tw/HT206770

1. 搜尋套件
# apt-cache search proftpd | grep ^proftpd
proftpd-basic – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – binaries
proftpd-dev – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – development files
proftpd-doc – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – documentation
proftpd-mod-geoip – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – GeoIP module
proftpd-mod-ldap – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – LDAP module
proftpd-mod-mysql – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – MySQL module
proftpd-mod-odbc – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – ODBC module
proftpd-mod-pgsql – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – PostgreSQL module
proftpd-mod-sqlite – Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon – SQLite3 module
proftpd-mod-autohost – ProFTPD module mod_autohost
proftpd-mod-case – ProFTPD module mod_case
proftpd-mod-dnsbl – ProFTPD module mod_dnsbl
proftpd-mod-fsync – ProFTPD module mod_fsync
proftpd-mod-msg – ProFTPD module mod_msg
proftpd-mod-tar – ProFTPD module mod_tar

2. 進行安裝
# apt-get install proftpd
以 standalone 方式啟動，效能會比較好
[@more@]3. 修改設定檔 /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
# grep -E -v ‘^#|^$’ /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
Include /etc/proftpd/modules.conf
UseIPv6                         on
IdentLookups                    off
ServerName                      “Debian”
ServerType                      standalone
DeferWelcome                    off
DefaultAddress                  192.168.1.12
MultilineRFC2228                on
DefaultServer                   on
ShowSymlinks                    on
TimeoutNoTransfer               600
TimeoutStalled                  600
TimeoutIdle                     1200
DisplayLogin                    welcome.msg
DisplayChdir                    .message true
ListOptions                     “-l”
DenyFilter                      *.*/
UseFtpUsers off
RootLogin on
DefaultRoot                     ~ !root
Port                            21
PassivePorts                  49152 65534
<IfModule mod_dynmasq.c>
</IfModule>
MaxInstances                    30
User                            proftpd
Group                           nogroup
Umask                           022  022
AllowOverwrite                  on
TransferLog /var/log/proftpd/xferlog
SystemLog   /var/log/proftpd/proftpd.log
<IfModule mod_quotatab.c>
QuotaEngine off
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_ratio.c>
Ratios off
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_delay.c>
DelayEngine on
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_ctrls.c>
ControlsEngine        off
ControlsMaxClients    2
ControlsLog           /var/log/proftpd/controls.log
ControlsInterval      5
ControlsSocket        /var/run/proftpd/proftpd.sock
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_ctrls_admin.c>
AdminControlsEngine off
</IfModule>
Include /etc/proftpd/conf.d/

4. 啟動 ProFTPD FTP Server
# /etc/init.d/proftpd start

5. 檢查 FTP Server 是否有正常啟動
# netstat -an | grep :21
tcp6       0      0 :::21                   :::*                    LISTEN

1. 搜尋 Samba Server 套件
# apt-cache search samba | grep ^samba
samba – SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix
samba-common – common files used by both the Samba server and client
samba-common-bin – Samba common files used by both the server and the client
samba-dbg – Samba debugging symbols
samba-dev – tools for extending Samba
samba-doc – Samba documentation
samba-dsdb-modules – Samba Directory Services Database
samba-libs – Samba core libraries
samba-testsuite – test suite from Samba
samba-vfs-modules – Samba Virtual FileSystem plugins

2. 進行安裝
# apt-get install samba[@more@]3. 進行設定
# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
# Global parameters
[global]
        workgroup = HOME
        server role = standalone server
        security = USER
        map to guest = Bad User
        obey pam restrictions = Yes
        pam password change = Yes
        passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
        passwd chat = *Entersnews*spassword:* %nn *Retypesnews*spassword:* %nn *passwordsupdatedssuccessfully* .
        unix password sync = Yes
        syslog = 0
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        max log size = 1000
        dns proxy = No
        usershare allow guests = Yes
        panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
        idmap config * : backend = tdb

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S
        read only = No
        create mask = 0700
        directory mask = 0700
        veto files = /.*/
        browseable = No

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/spool/samba
        create mask = 0700
        printable = Yes
        print ok = Yes
        browseable = No

[print$]
        comment = Printer Drivers
        path = /var/lib/samba/printers

4. 測試設定檔
# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Processing section “[homes]”
Processing section “[printers]”
Processing section “[print$]”
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

5. 啟動 Samba Server
# /etc/init.d/samba start
[ ok ] Starting nmbd (via systemctl): nmbd.service.
[ ok ] Starting smbd (via systemctl): smbd.service.
[ ok ] Starting samba-ad-dc (via systemctl): samba-ad-dc.service.

6. 檢查 Samba Server 是否有正常啟動
# netstat -an | grep -E ‘:137|:138|:139|:445’
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:139             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 :::445                  :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 :::139                  :::*                    LISTEN
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:137             0.0.0.0:*
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:138             0.0.0.0:*

為了更加了解 OpenMediaVault，所以下載 Debian Linux 安裝，研究看看。
Debian Linux 官方網站：https://www.debian.org/
Debian Linux Taiwan Mirror 站：http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Debian/debian-cd/8.5.0/
底下是安裝步驟：
1. 光碟安裝畫面，改圖形化安裝 Graphical Install

[@more@]2. 安裝語言設定

3. 國家選擇，選擇 其它 Other

4. 選擇 Asia

5. 選擇 Taiwan

6. 系統語言選擇

7. 鍵盤型式選擇

8. 載入光碟安裝元件

9. 設定網路

10. 設定主機名稱

11. 設定 root 管理者密碼

12. 建立非 root 的一般使用者

13. 建立非 root 的一般使用者

14. 設定密碼

15. 硬碟分割 – 使用整個硬碟

16. 安裝的硬碟選擇

17. 硬碟分割的選擇

18. 硬碟分割確認

19. 確認

20. 安裝基本系統

21. 沒有其它要安裝的光碟

22. 設定套件後續更新

23. 選擇 Taiwan

24. 選擇要更新的站台

25. 視情況是否使用 Proxy

26. 設定 apt

27. 安裝套件更新軟體

28. 不做其它設定

29. 選擇要安裝的套件

30. 套件安裝中….

31. 安裝 GRUB

32. GRUB 安裝位置

33. 繼續

34. 終於安裝完成，開機畫面

參考文章：
FreeBSD 9.1 Программный RAID5 | Seclab
OS：FreeBSD 10.3
HDD：
20G*1：FreeBSDSystem(/dev/da0)
20G *3 ：RAID (/dev/da1,da2,da3)

1. 磁碟機代號
# sysctl kern.disks
kern.disks: da3 da2 da1 da0 cd0

2. 取得磁碟機相關資訊
# fdisk da1
******* Working on device /dev/da1 *******
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=2610 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)

Figures below won’t work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=2610 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)

fdisk: invalid fdisk partition table found
Media sector size is 512
Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
Information from DOS bootblock is:
The data for partition 1 is:
sysid 165 (0xa5),(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 63, size 41929587 (20473 Meg), flag 80 (active)
beg: cyl 0/ head 1/ sector 1;
end: cyl 561/ head 254/ sector 63
The data for partition 2 is:
<UNUSED>
The data for partition 3 is:
<UNUSED>
The data for partition 4 is:
<UNUSED>[@more@]3. 建立掛載目錄
# mkdir /storage

4. 建立 /etc/gvinum.conf 設定檔
# vim /etc/gvinum.conf
drive raid51 device /dev/da1
drive raid52 device /dev/da2
drive raid53 device /dev/da3
volume raid5
plex org raid5 256k
sd len 20473m drive raid51
sd len 20473m drive raid52
sd len 20473m drive raid53

5. 建立 RAID5
# gvinum create /etc/gvinum.conf

6. 格式化
# newfs -U /dev/gvinum/raid5
/dev/gvinum/raid5: 40946.0MB (83857408 sectors) block size 32768, fragment size 4096
using 66 cylinder groups of 626.09MB, 20035 blks, 80256 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck_ffs -b #) at:
192, 1282432, 2564672, 3846912, 5129152, 6411392, 7693632, 8975872, 10258112, 11540352,
12822592, 14104832, 15387072, 16669312, 17951552, 19233792, 20516032, 21798272, 23080512,
24362752, 25644992, 26927232, 28209472, 29491712, 30773952, 32056192, 33338432, 34620672,
35902912, 37185152, 38467392, 39749632, 41031872, 42314112, 43596352, 44878592, 46160832,
47443072, 48725312, 50007552, 51289792, 52572032, 53854272, 55136512, 56418752, 57700992,
58983232, 60265472, 61547712, 62829952, 64112192, 65394432, 66676672, 67958912, 69241152,
70523392, 71805632, 73087872, 74370112, 75652352, 76934592, 78216832, 79499072, 80781312,
82063552, 83345792

7. 掛載
# mount /dev/gvinum/raid5 /storage
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/da0p2 18G 2.8G 14G 17% /
devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev
/dev/gvinum/raid5 39G 8.0K 36G 0% /storage

8. 修改 /etc/fstab
# echo /dev/gvinum/raid5 /storage ufs rw 2 2 >> /etc/fstab

9. 開機便啟動 GVinum 服務
修改 /boot/loader.conf 設定檔
# vim /boot/loader.conf
加入下面一行
geom_vinum_load=”YES”
或
# echo geom_vinum_load=”YES” >> /boot/loader.conf

10. 重新啟動電腦
# reboot

11. RAID5 系統狀態
# gvinum l
3 drives:
D raid51 State: up /dev/da1 A: 6/20479 MB (0%)
D raid52 State: up /dev/da2 A: 6/20479 MB (0%)
D raid53 State: up /dev/da3 A: 6/20479 MB (0%)

1 volume:
V raid5 State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 39 GB

1 plex:
P raid5.p0 R5 State: up Subdisks: 3 Size: 39 GB

3 subdisks:
S raid5.p0.s0 State: up D: raid51 Size: 19 GB
S raid5.p0.s1 State: up D: raid52 Size: 19 GB
S raid5.p0.s2 State: up D: raid53 Size: 19 GB

參考文件：
不自量力 の Weithenn: Geom Vinum-軟體 RAID
18.2. RAID0 – 分散連結(striping)
OS：FreeBSD 10.3
HDD：
20G*1：FreeBSDSystem(/dev/da0)
20G *3 ：RAID (/dev/da1,da2,da3)

1. 載入 geom_stripe.ko Kernel Module
# kldload geom_stripe.ko
或
# gstripe load

2. 查看系統目前載入之核心模組
# kldstat
Id Refs Address            Size     Name
 1    6 0xffffffff80200000 17bc680  kernel
 2    1 0xffffffff81a11000 2ba8     uhid.ko
 3    1 0xffffffff81a14000 46d7     geom_stripe.ko[@more@]3. 產生 RAID0 Gvinum Plex
# gstripe label -v myraid0 /dev/da1 /dev/da2 /dev/da3
Metadata value stored on /dev/da1.
Metadata value stored on /dev/da2.
Metadata value stored on /dev/da3.
Done.

4. 修改串連後的 HDD 為 GVinum volume
# bsdlabel -wB /dev/stripe/myraid0

5. 初始化 Gvinum 分割區
# newfs -U /dev/stripe/myraid0a
/dev/stripe/myraid0a: 61439.8MB (125828720 sectors) block size 32768, fragment size 4096
        using 99 cylinder groups of 626.09MB, 20035 blks, 80256 inodes.
        with soft updates
super-block backups (for fsck_ffs -b #) at:
 192, 1282432, 2564672, 3846912, 5129152, 6411392, 7693632, 8975872, 10258112, 11540352, 12822592,
 14104832, 15387072, 16669312, 17951552, 19233792, 20516032, 21798272, 23080512, 24362752, 25644992,
 26927232, 28209472, 29491712, 30773952, 32056192, 33338432, 34620672, 35902912, 37185152, 38467392,
 39749632, 41031872, 42314112, 43596352, 44878592, 46160832, 47443072, 48725312, 50007552, 51289792,
 52572032, 53854272, 55136512, 56418752, 57700992, 58983232, 60265472, 61547712, 62829952, 64112192,
 65394432, 66676672, 67958912, 69241152, 70523392, 71805632, 73087872, 74370112, 75652352, 76934592,
 78216832, 79499072, 80781312, 82063552, 83345792, 84628032, 85910272, 87192512, 88474752, 89756992,
 91039232, 92321472, 93603712, 94885952, 96168192, 97450432, 98732672, 100014912, 101297152, 102579392,
 103861632, 105143872, 106426112, 107708352, 108990592, 110272832, 111555072, 112837312, 114119552,
 115401792, 116684032, 117966272, 119248512, 120530752, 121812992, 123095232, 124377472, 125659712

6. 掛載 Gvinum 分割區
# mount /dev/stripe/myraid0a /mnt

7. 查看磁碟機狀況
# df -h
Filesystem              Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/da0p2               18G    2.8G     14G    17%    /
devfs                   1.0K    1.0K      0B   100%    /dev
/dev/stripe/myraid0a     58G    8.0K     53G     0%    /mnt

8. 修改 /etc/fstab
# vim /etc/fstab
加入下面一行
/dev/stripe/myraid0a     /mnt            ufs     rw      2       2

9. 開機便啟動 GVinum 服務
修改 /boot/loader.conf 設定檔
# vim /boot/loader.conf
加入下面一行
geom_stripe_load=”YES”

10. 查看所建立 Software RAID 狀態
# gstripe status
          Name  Status  Components
stripe/myraid0      UP  da1
                        da2
                        da3

11. 查看 RAID HDD 資訊
# gstripe list
Geom name: myraid0
State: UP
Status: Total=3, Online=3
Type: AUTOMATIC
Stripesize: 65536
ID: 1132737782
Providers:
1. Name: stripe/myraid0
   Mediasize: 64424312832 (60G)
   Sectorsize: 512
   Stripesize: 65536
   Stripeoffset: 0
   Mode: r1w1e2
Consumers:
1. Name: da1
   Mediasize: 21474836480 (20G)
   Sectorsize: 512
   Mode: r1w1e3
   Number: 0
2. Name: da2
   Mediasize: 21474836480 (20G)
   Sectorsize: 512
   Mode: r1w1e3
   Number: 1
3. Name: da3
   Mediasize: 21474836480 (20G)
   Sectorsize: 512
   Mode: r1w1e3
   Number: 2

雖然是不太好的習慣，不過可以用 root 身份登入方便許多。
1. 修改 /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf 設定檔
# vim /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf
加入
# 讓 root 身份可以登入
RootLogin on
# 讓 root 可以自由切換到其它目錄
DefaultRoot ~ !wheel

2. 重新啟動 ProFTPD Server
# kill -HUP `ps aux | grep proftpd | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}’`[@more@]3. 測試看看
# lftp -u root 127.0.0.1
密碼：
lftp root@127.0.0.1:~> ls
ls: 登入錯誤: 530 登入不正確
lftp root@127.0.0.1:~>

出現 530 登入不正確

4. 解決方式：
修改 /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf 設定檔
# vim /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf
加入
UseFtpUsers off

5. 再次重新啟動 ProFTPD Server
# kill -HUP `ps aux | grep proftpd | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}’`

Windows 10 更新至 1511 10586.494

主要是更新 KB3172985 和 KB3173428

[@more@]KB3172985 官方網站下載：
x86
x64

KB3173428 官方網站下載：
x86
x64

也可以直接到 Microsoft Update Catalog 網站上搜尋下載(要使用 IE)