What is Educational Technology? 什麼是教育科技？
ONE DEFINITION of Educational Technology is that it is a systematic, iterative process for designing instruction or training used to improve performance.
教育科技的一個定義是有系統的、反覆操作的教學設計、或用來增進成效的練習。
Sounds confusing right? Let’s break it down a little…
聽起來困惑嗎? 我們在下面解釋一些…
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SDSU Educational Technology Mission Statement
聖地牙哥州立大學的教育科技任務報告書
The mission statement of the SDSU Department of Educational Technology may shed a little light. In part, it says it’s purpose is to
這個聖地牙哥州立大學教育科技系的任務報告可能露一些曙光。某種程度上，它說它的目的是
…encourage wise use of systems, environments, tools, products, and strategies that can enhance human learning and competence.
… 促進系統、環境、工具、產品的靈活運用，還有提高人們學習和能力的策略。
Understanding Instructional Systems Design
了解教育系統設計
If you look up the phrase Educational Technology in a general on-line or hardcover dictionary or encyclopedia, chances are you won’t find it. If you do, the meaning will probably focus on technology applied to a school setting.
如果你在一般網路上或精裝字典或百科全書尋找教育科技這個片語，你可能不會找到。如果你找到，這個意思可能焦點在應用在學校周遭環境的科技。
Educational Technology is a hard concept to define because it embraces several disciplines harking back to a time when the systematic study of education was new.
One of those disciplines is Instructional Systems Design, or ISD. During and after World War II, the US military sought a more effective approach to training large numbers of personnel. It employed instructional films and evolved to include a combination of job aids with instructors.
這些領域的其中之一就是教育系統設計，或稱為 ISD。第二次世界大戰之後，美國軍隊尋找一些有效的方法去訓練大量的人員。利用教育影片並且發展包括教師輔助任務的結合。
What was different about ISD at the time is that it began with analyzing the learners so that designers could customize instruction to best suit their needs.
The principal example of Instructional Systems Design is represented by the ADDIE model. Click on the buttons above for more detailed information for each element of ADDIE.
ISD主要的例子是 ADDIE 模式，按上面每個按鈕都可以找到其本的資訊。
ISD 也結合系統研究的想法去發展教學。它的特徵是有順序的步驟去收集和分析團體和個別的需求，根據能力去判定訓練的需要。
The application of a systems approach to training insures that training programs and the required support materials are continually developed in an effective and efficient manner to match the variety of needs in an rapidly changing environment.
這個系統研究的應用是去訓練以確保訓練的課程和必要支援的教材能不斷的發展，以有效果與有效率的方式去配合快速改變環境中多變的需求。
For more on ISD, see http://www.whidbey.com/frodo/isd.htm.
Another important term associated with Educational Technology is "Performance Technology."
Performance Technology
Human Performance Technology (HPT) goes beyond "just" training and instruction. It uses a wide range of interventions drawn from many disciplines including behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and human resources management.
人類績效科技超越了"只是"訓練和教學。它實行在科技的廣泛範圍，提取出許多訓練，包含行為心理、教育系統設計、組織發展、人類資產管理的。
As such, it stresses a rigorous analysis of present and desired levels of performance, identifies the causes for any performance gaps, offers a wide range of solutions with which to improve performance, guides the change management process, and evaluates the results.