\u65e5\u671f\uff1a1141121
\n\u5e74\u7d1a\uff1a\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a
\n\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684{\u7269\u54c1\u7a2e\u985e}\u9032\u800c\u5ef6\u4f38\u990a\u6210\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u601d\u8003<\/p>\n
\u5f9e[\u7269\u54c1]\u5f97\u77e5\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u518d\u81f3\u5ef6\u4f38\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u5916\u8868\u3001\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b69\u5b50\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u89ba\u5bdf\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u5728\u53e5\u578b\u7684\u6f14\u8b6f\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u9805\u80fd\u529b\u70ba\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u990a\u6210\u5c0d\u4e8b\u60c5\u3001\u554f\u984c\u5316\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u8a18\u61b6\uff08\u8a3b\uff11\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u300c\u8b93\u5225\u4eba\u807d\u61c2\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8981\u7d66\u5b69\u5b50\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8b93 \u201c\u5225\u4eba\u807d\u7684\u61c2\u201d\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002
\n(\u8a3b\uff11\uff1a\u88ab\u52d5\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u8a72\u67d0\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e\u53ca\u53e5\u578b\u7684\u8868\u9054\u6240\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u9673\u8ff0\u3002)
\n\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u73fe\u5834\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u8ddf\u5b69\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u8a2d\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u660e\u767d\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u505a\u5206\u4eab\u3002
\n\u4f46\u5c31\u4ed4\u7d30\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u73fe\u5834\u662f\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u3001\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u55ce\uff1f\u77ed\u77ed\u768440\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u8ab2\uff0c\u5099\u3001\u89c0\u3001\u8b70\u8ab2\uff0c\u8981\u5b69\u5b50\u771f\u7684\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u89e3\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8868\u55ae\uff0cAwu\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u73a9\u51fa\u5feb\u6a02\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u7d66\u4e88\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u500b\u5927\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u7d50\u3001\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u904e\u7531Craik\u548cLockhart(1972)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u5177\uff08\u8a3b2\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u3001\u8a72\u6771\u897f\u4e0a\u5230\u5e95\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65bc\u3001\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8655\u7406\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u3001\u67d0\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
(Craik \u8207 Lockhart \u65bc 1972 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684**\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u578b (Levels of Processing, LOP)\u300d\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5132\u5b58\u6a21\u578b (Multi-Store Model)**\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u5c07\u8a18\u61b6\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u611f\u89ba\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u548c\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u4e09\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8ab2\u55ae\u5143\u4e09\uff0c\u4e3b\u984c\u55ae\u8a5e\u70ba\u6587\u5177\u985e\uff0d\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982eraser(\u6a61\u76ae\u64e6)\u3001book(\u66f8)\u3001pen(\u7b46)\u3001pencil(\u925b\u7b46)\u3001pencil box(\u925b\u7b46\u76d2)\u3001marker(\u99ac\u514b\u7b46)\u7b49\u7b49..\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8036\u62ff\u7406\u8ad6\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u8ddf\u5b69\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0cwaterfall, \u6211\u8aaa\u3002Shi….\u5b78\u751f\u5011\u56de\u61c9\uff08\u7a7a\u6c23\u72c0\u614b\u66ab\u505c\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u5c07\u773c\u775b\u8f15\u8f15\u5730..\u9589\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u653e\u5728\u684c\u4e0a\u3001\u6905\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u62ff\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u624b\u7d93\u904e\u89f8\u6478\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u611f\u53d7\u4f60\u6478\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5e7e\u79d2\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u5c31\u6703\u7acb\u99ac\u53cd\u61c9(\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4f5c\u795f)\uff0c
\n\u6536\u96c6\u8d77\u4f86\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u505a\u5206\u7d44\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684celebration(\u5206\u4eab)\uff1f\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u5f8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5408\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5408\u8005\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u7528\u6253\u7834\u6c99\u934b\u554f\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u505a\u51fa\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u554f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6aa2\u8996\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u8655\u7406\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u6dfa\u5c64\u8655\u7406 (Shallow Processing)\u5c08\u6ce8\u7528\u65bc\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6216\u611f\u5b98\u7279\u5fb5 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u8a5e\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u97f3\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5916\u8868\u3001\u7279\u5fb5\u9577\u7684\u5982\u4f55\uff1f)\u3002\u544a\u77e5\u5b69\u5b50\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u6c99\u7058\u4e0a\u5beb\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u5b57\u6bcd\u75d5\u8de1\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6d77\u98a8\u7d66\u5439\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u6df1\u5c64\u8655\u7406 (Deep Processing)\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8a72\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u8a9e\u7fa9\u8207\u9023\u7d50 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u55ae\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5b83\u8207\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u4e86\u89e3\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7576\u4e2d)\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u4f3c\u4e4e\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u5b57\u523b\u5728\u77f3\u982d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u523b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5805\u56fa\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u6709\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6240\u5370\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u807d\u61c2\u7684\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u660e\u767d\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u4eba\u4e3b\u52d5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u300c\u8b93\u5225\u4eba\u807d\u61c2\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u5e2b\u9019\u9031\u7684\u56de\u994b\u53ca\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a
\n\u90a3\u56de\u6b78\u5230\u6700\u539f\u5148\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u61c2\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u53c8\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u6574\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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