{"id":160,"date":"2011-12-06T14:10:10","date_gmt":"2011-12-06T06:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/2011\/12\/06\/100%e5%b9%b4%e5%ba%a62-4%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e6%9e%b6%e6%a7%8b\/"},"modified":"2021-03-18T18:57:32","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T10:57:32","slug":"100%e5%b9%b4%e5%ba%a62-4%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e6%9e%b6%e6%a7%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/2011\/12\/06\/100%e5%b9%b4%e5%ba%a62-4%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e6%9e%b6%e6%a7%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"100\u5e74\u5ea62-4\u74b0\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u67b6\u69cb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 150%;text-indent: 32pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black;font-size: 16pt\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 150%;text-indent: 32pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black;font-size: 16pt\">\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5e7c\u5152\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u5b78\u7fd2\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 150%;text-indent: 32pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black;font-size: 16pt\">\u4ee5\u6cf0\u96c5\u65cf\u84cb\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u7e54\u5e03\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u904a\u6232\u70ba\u4f8b<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 16pt\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u9ec3\u54f2\u6069<span lang=\"EN-US\"><span>&#160; <\/span><\/span>\u8001\u5e2b<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 14pt\">\u58f9\u3001\u524d\u8a00<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u904a\u6232\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u904a\u6232\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1976<\/span>\u5e74\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u967d\u9ad8\u7e23\u7684\u6587\u5316\u907a\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u4e00\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u9846\u77f3\u7403\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u77f3\u7403\u662f\u5341\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u653b\u64ca\u6575\u4eba\u6216\u72e9\u7375\u6240\u7528\uff08\u8521\u4e30\u660e\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2007<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u65bc\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e03\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u897f\u5b89\u534a\u5761\u907a\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7d04\u4e09\u56db\u6b72\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u5893\u7a74\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u8f15\u5de7\u4e14\u7cbe\u78e8\u52a0\u5de5\u904e\u7684\u77f3\u7403\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u77f3\u7403\u662f\u628a\u77f3\u6599\u6572\u6253\u6210\u80da\u5f62\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7d93\u904e\u7814\u78e8\u88fd\u6210\uff08\u99ae\u9a65\u624d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2007<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u77f3\u7403\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5df2\u7531\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u904b\u7528\u7684\u5668\u5177\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u5e7c\u5152\u904a\u6232\u5668\u5177\uff0c\u4e00<span style=\"color: black\">\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u5e7c\u5152\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u904a\u6232\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u53d7\u4ed6\u6240\u8655\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u53ca\u4eba\u6587\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5982\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u6280\u8853\u4e4b\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u8207\u5468\u908a\u65cf\u7fa4\u751f\u6d3b\u4e92\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u6280\u8853<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2026<\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u53f0\u7063\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5373\u70ba\u4e00\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u7d10\uff0c\u70ba\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u7a2e\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u53c9\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u860a\u80b2\u51fa\u591a\u5143\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u751f\u614b\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u751f\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u904a\u6232\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u50b3\u7d71\u9109\u571f\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u7686\u53d6\u81ea\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u65b7\u7cbe\u7149\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6587\u5316\u800c\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86<\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 14pt\">\u8cb3\u3001\u904a\u6232\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 30pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5728\u904a\u6232\u7814\u7a76\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u904a\u6232\u7684\u767c\u751f\u6216\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u5169\u6d3e\u904a\u6232\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u5cd9\u8207\u6297\u722d\u3002\u4e00\u6d3e\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u662f\u751f\u547d\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u7df4\u7fd2\uff1a\u4eba\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u52d5\u7269\u7531\u65bc\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9032\u968e\uff0c\u53d7\u5176\u5148\u5929\u907a\u50b3\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u9a45\u4f7f\uff0c\u624d\u53bb\u53c3\u8207\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u4ee5\u61c9\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u521d\u73fe\u65bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u904a\u6232\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6301\u6b64\u985e\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5982\u5269\u9918\u7cbe\u529b\u8aaa\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u7df4\u7fd2\u8aaa\u3001\u5fa9\u6f14\u8aaa\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u50cf\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u798f\u797f\u8c9d\u723e\u5c07\u904a\u6232\u8996\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u6f5b\u5728\u672c\u80fd\u5167\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u904a\u6232\u7684\u767c\u751f\u6b78\u7d50\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u6d3e\u5c07\u904a\u6232\u7684\u767c\u751f\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u683c\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u672c\u6211<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u60df\u6a02\u539f\u5247<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f2f\u840a\u56e0\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Ber lyne<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u89ba\u9192\u7406\u8ad6\u628a\u904a\u6232\u8996\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u6a5f\u9ad4\u6700\u4f73\u89ba\u9192\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u5e36\u6709\u5c07\u904a\u6232\u7684\u767c\u751f\u4e88\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u5373\u793e\u6703\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\u3002\u8a72\u6d3e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u524d\u8607\u806f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5be6\u8e10\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u904a\u6232\u5176\u767c\u751f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7372\u5f97\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u985e\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u904a\u6232\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2\u968e\u6bb5\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002\u7576\u793e\u6703\u751f\u7522\u52de\u52d5\u6c34\u6e96\u9054\u5230\u5152\u7ae5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u5c0b\u5f97\u904a\u6232\u4f5c\u70ba\u6eff\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u53c3\u8207\u6210\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u9858\u671b\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u5728\u6211\u570b\u5efa\u570b\u5f8c\u76f8\u7576\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u4e5f\u5927\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u540c\u904a\u6232\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u7ff0\u6d1b\u514b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">John Locke<\/span>\uff09\u5beb\u5230\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u5e36\u4f86\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u904a\u6232\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9760\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u5152\u7ae5\u4eab\u53d7\u904a\u6232\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\uff0c\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u73a9\u300d\uff08\u694a\u6587\u8cb4\u7b49\u4eba\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5411\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5df2\u6df1\u7372\u7576\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5e7c\u5152\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u7236\u798f\u797f\u8c9d\u723e\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">F.Froebel<\/span>\uff09\u65bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">1823<\/span>\u5e74\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e7c\u5152\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u904a\u6232\u7576\u4e2d\u8a98\u5c0e\u4ed6\u5011\uff08\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u6703\u5712\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1997<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u904a\u6232\u6210\u70ba\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u738b\u975c\u73e0\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2001<\/span>\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u53ef\u8aaa\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5e7c\u5152\u5982\u540c\u6c92\u6709\u8077\u696d\u7684\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u300a\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6a19\u6e96\u300b\u4e2d\u660e\u5217\u6559\u5e2b\u9700<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u80fd\u8f14\u5c0e\u5e7c\u5152\u5feb<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uf914<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6d3b\u6f51\u5730\u5f9e\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1887<\/span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u900f\u904e\u904a\u6232\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 14pt\">\u53c1\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u900f\u904e\u773c\u8033\u624b\u9f3b\u53e3\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a2\u7d22\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5176\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u6a21\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\"><span>&#160;&#160;&#160; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\u8207\u65b0\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5c0d\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u65b0\u73fe\u8c61\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u9032\u884c\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4fee\u6b63\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u77e5\u89ba\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5efa\u69cb\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u9700\u8981\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8207\u6559\u6750\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u5f9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u9010\u6b65\u8de8\u8d8a\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u5165\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u7fd2 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u5085\u9e97\u7389<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">, 1999a)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u89c0\u5ff5<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(Conant, 1957)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8207\u7522\u7269<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(Kuhn, 1977)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(Gingerich, 1992)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8868\u5fb5<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(representation)(Lauden, 1981)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u771f\u7406<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">(truth)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u5176\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff08\u5085\u9e97\u7389\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 14pt\">\u8086\u3001\u5712\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u672c\u5712\u4f4d\u65bc\u5b9c\u862d\u7e23\u8207\u82b1\u84ee\u7e23\u7684\u7e23\u754c\uff0c\u7dca\u81e8\u5927\u6fc1\u6c34\u6eaa\uff0c\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u4e4b\u570b\u5c0f\u9644\u8a2d\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\uff0c\u8a2d\u7acb\u65bc\u6c11\u570b<span lang=\"EN-US\">87<\/span>\u5e74\uff1b\u7576\u6642\u6cbf\u7528\u574a\u9593\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u672c\u5718\u968a\u79c9\u6301\u8457\u672c\u6821\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u54c1\u8cea\u4e4b\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5584\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">94<\/span>\u5e74\u7d0d\u5165\u570b\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u5e7c\u5152\u73ed\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u570b\u5e7c\u73ed\uff09\u8f14\u5c0e\u6a5f\u5236\u63a5\u53d7\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u904b\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u6539\u5584\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5f35\u5b5d\u7b60\u3001\u5b6b\u826f\u8aa0\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2006<\/span>\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u570b\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u5e7c\u5152\u73ed\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u574a\u9593\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u8b93\u5e7c\u5152\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u4e3b\u904a\u6232\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u6559\u5e2b\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u662f\u963b\u7919\u6559\u5e2b\u81ea\u884c\u767c\u5c55\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff0c\u73fe\u6210\u6559\u6750\u591a\u70ba\u8a18\u61b6\u80cc\u8aa6\u4e4b\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6613\u5f71\u97ff\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u884c\u653f\u9662\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u70ba\u4e86\u56e0\u61c9\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u6642\u4ee3\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u65bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">2002<\/span>\u5e74\u767c\u5e03\u300a\u5275\u9020\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5beb\u5230\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u5287\u8b8a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u8173\u6b65\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6b63\u9762\u81e8\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u7522\u696d\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff0d\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u300c\u8166\u529b\u300d\u6c7a\u52dd\u8ca0\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u7d93\u6fdf\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5275\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3001\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\u6216\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u790e\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2002<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u672c\u5718\u968a\u601d\u8003\u5230\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5e7c\u5152\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u672a\u4f86\u77e5\u8b58\u7d93\u6fdf\u6642\u4ee3\u5462\uff1f\u70ba\u4e86\u5e7c\u5152\u8457\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u6559\u80b2\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u6210\u4eba\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u5718\u968a\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u672c\u5712\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7fc1\u9e97\u82b3\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2002<\/span>\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u73fe\u5834\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u300c\u6559\u5e2b\u672c\u4f4d\u300d\u6559\u5b78\u8f49\u5230\u300c\u5b78\u751f\u672c\u4f4d\u300d\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u3001\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6539\u8b8a<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u5c0d\u8a71\u8207\u6587\u737b\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">96<\/span>\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u8abf\u6574\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u767c\u5c55\u898f\u5283\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4ee5\u5712\u6240\u672c\u4f4d\u3001\u5e7c\u5152\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e7c\u5152\u5728\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\u57f9\u990a\u5275\u9020\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6fc0\u767c\u5b78\u7fd2\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5e7c\u5152\u5e36\u7684\u8d70\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;font-size: 14pt\">\u4f0d\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u7406\u8ad6\u4ecb\u7d39<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 30pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u6240\u64c1\u8b77\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u50be\u5411\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u8ab2\u7a0b\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9700\u66f4\u52a0\u95dc\u6ce8\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\uff1f\u5b78\u7fd2\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u6559\u5e2b\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u4f86\u4fc3\u9032\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u76ee\u6a19\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3001\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u7fd2\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e0b\u958b\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff08\u4ec7\u5149\u9d6c\u3001\u97d3\u82d7\u82d7\u3001\u5f35\u73fe\u69ae\u8b6f<span lang=\"EN-US\">George J. Posner<\/span>\u8457\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2007<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u63a2\u8a0e\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u5712\u64ec\u4ee5\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u3001<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Amabile<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u300c\u6210\u5206\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Componential model<\/span>\uff09\u8207<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Van Hoorn<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u91dd\u5c0d\u904a\u6232\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u505a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u672c\u5712\u8ab2\u7a0b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u8332\u5206\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: -36pt;margin: 9pt 0cm 9pt 36pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"><span>\u4e00\u3001<span>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 36pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f35\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b78\u79d1\u6216\u7d93\u5178\u540d\u8457\u505a\u70ba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6559\u80b2\u5167\u5bb9\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5468\u906d\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u5b78\u6703\u5f9e\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53bb\u5f97\u5230\u5b78\u7fd2\uff1b\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u8996\u5b78\u79d1\u8207\u6559\u6750\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5c0d\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u61c9\u8a72\u6559\u5b78\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u8003\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1b\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u8005\u6216\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5546\u8b70\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1b\u5b78\u7fd2\u5247\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u4e3b\u52d5\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u7c21\u695a\u745b\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2009<\/span>\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 36pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ee5\u50b3\u6388\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5b78\u751f\u500b\u5225\u9700\u6c42\u8207\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u5f15\u5c0e\u5b78\u751f\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u57f9\u990a\u5b78\u751f\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e94\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a\u78ba\u8a8d\u554f\u984c\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u5047\u8a2d\u3001\u8490\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u5c0e\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9f13\u52f5\u5408\u4f5c\u5f0f\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5b78\u7fd2\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7af6\u722d\u5f0f\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5b78\u7fd2\uff1b\u6559\u5e2b\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u626e\u6f14\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u4fc3\u9032\u8005\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u4e3b\u52d5\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u8ca0\u8cac\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u7c21\u695a\u745b\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2009<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 30pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u89c0\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u76ae\u4e9e\u5091\u3001\u7dad\u9ad8\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5e03\u9b6f\u7d0d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u61c9\u4e3b\u52d5\u5730\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u5f9e\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">Drscoll<\/span>\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1994<\/span>\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ac7\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u770b\u5230\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b49\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u985e\u578b\uff08\u5433\u6176\u9e9f\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2008<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6559\u5b78\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u61c9\u8a72\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\u901a\u904e\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9808\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u5e2b\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u5408\u4f5c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u9808\u5b78\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u8abf\u89e3\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u64d4\u4efb\u8a2d\u8a08\u81ea\u5df1\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e26\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e2d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\uff08\u5433\u6176\u9e9f\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2008<\/span>\uff09<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4e09\u3001\u5275\u9020\u529b\u65b9\u9762<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Howard Gardner<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2005<\/span>\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5177\u6709\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u6216\u5275\u9020\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u548c\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5275\u9020\uff0c\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e26\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u6b63\u78ba\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6c88\u81f4\u9686\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2008<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8207\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5275\u9020\u662f\u8a55\u91cf\u4eba\u985e\u667a\u80fd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">Amabile <\/span>\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u5275\u9020\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5275\u610f\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u300c\u6210\u5206\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Componential model<\/span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Amabile<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4f5c\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u53ca\u5275\u9020\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u3002\uff08\u5f15\u81ea<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6d2a\u4e45\u8ce2\u3001\u6d2a\u69ae\u662d\u3001\u6797\u9e97\u5a1f\u3001\u8521\u9577\u8277\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2007<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">51<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff09\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u9818\u57df\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6280\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u624d\u80fd\uff1b\u5275\u9020\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5408\u9069\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u98a8\u683c\u3001\u4f9b\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7a4e\u9ede\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u96b1\u53ca\u5916\u986f\u77e5\u8b58\uff1b\u5de5\u4f5c\u52d5\u6a5f\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u7522\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u300c\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5275\u9020\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u300d\u4e09\u8005\u9593\u5145\u5206\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u7576\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u8d8a\u5927\u5247\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Amabile<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u7d44\u7e54\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u3001\u76f4\u5c6c\u9577\u5b98\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5718\u968a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3001\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u5177\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6c1b\u570d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u500b\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u5167\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ca\u7d9c\u6548\u6027\u5916\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 30pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u5712\u9996\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">&#8211;<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u5275\u9020\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u73ed\u7d1a\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u4ee5\u611b\u8207\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u5e7c\u5152\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3001\u8db3\u5920\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u5c0e\u5177\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b93\u5e7c\u5152\u5728\u904a\u6232\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u76e1\u60c5\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u529b\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u5728\u904a\u6232\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u65b7\u5617\u8a66\u6216\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\uff1b\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u5929\u6027\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5728\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u65bc\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">intrinsic motivation<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u4e26\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u5728\u9a45\u529b\u5982\u98e2\u9913\u6240\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u76ee\u6a19\u5982\u6b0a\u529b\u53ca\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u5982<span lang=\"EN-US\">James E. Christie<\/span>\u6240\u8a00\u5e7c\u5152\u904a\u6232\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u64cd\u5f04\u8207\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ea6\u662f\u53d7\u5176\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u5916\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5f15\u81ea\u5433\u5e78\u73b2\u90ed\u975c\u6643\u8b6f\uff09\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u904a\u6232\u5c0d\u5e7c\u5152\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u5167\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u6b64\u7279\u5fb5\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5e7c\u5152\u5275\u9020\u529b\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u5275\u9020\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u8166\u529b<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"margin-top: 46px;width: 52px;height: 184px;margin-left: 34px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994598.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-bottom: 0px;border-left: 0px;border-top: 0px;border-right: 0px\" class=\"shape\" title=\"clip_image001\" border=\"0\" alt=\"clip_image001\" src=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994599.gif\" width=\"52\" height=\"184\" \/><\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994600.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-bottom: 0px;border-left: 0px;border-top: 0px;border-right: 0px\" title=\"clip_image002\" border=\"0\" alt=\"clip_image002\" src=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994601.gif\" width=\"240\" height=\"121\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"><span>&#160;&#160; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><em><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\uff08\u4fee\u6539\u81ea<span lang=\"EN-US\">Amabile<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">, T. M.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;color: black\">\uff0c<em><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-US\">1998<\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"color: black\">\uff09<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6fc0\u76ea\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u5e7c\u5152\u64f4\u6563\u6027\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5c07\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u5beb\u65bc\u4fbf\u5229\u8cbc\u4e0a\uff0c\u8207\u5e7c\u5152\u9032\u884c\u908f\u8f2f\u6b78\u7d0d\u7b49\u805a\u6582\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u6295\u7968\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u70ba\u672c\u5712\u5275\u9020\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u67b6\u69cb\u5716\uff08\u5716<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 9pt 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u56db\u3001\u904a\u6232\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 30pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4eba\uf9d0\u5b78\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\uf9d0\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\uf9d0\u5b78\u7684\u6587\u737b\u8a18\u8f09\uf9e8\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u662f\u4eba\uf9d0\u5f9e\u5152\u7ae5\u9577\u5927\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5f9e\u4eba\uf9d0\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uf92d\u770b\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u91cd\u5efa\u5728\u904a\u6232\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uf9e8\uff08\u9ec3\u745e\u7434\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">1994<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff09\u3002\u904a\u6232\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5e7c\u5152\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f91\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5728\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u904a\u6232\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u76ae\u4e9e\u5091<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">(Piaget, 1962)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u6307\u51fa<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u904a\u6232\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\uf9dd\u7528\u540c\u5316\u8a8d\uf9fc\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\ufa08\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\ufa08\u70ba\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u70ba\uf9ba\u7372\u5f97\u5feb\uf914\u7684\u7121\u7d44\u7e54\u6027\ufa08\u70ba\uff08\u8521\u6dd1\u82d3\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">2004<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u4ee5\u6559\u80b2\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6559\u5b78\u5a92\u4ecb\u6216\u6307\u5c0e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6b64\u4e43\u6559\u5e2b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5152\u7ae5\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">Fagan<\/span>\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1984<\/span>\uff09\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u6210\u4eba\u628a\u904a\u6232\u7576\u6210\u662f\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5152\u7ae5\u537b\u628a\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u904a\u6232\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u662f\u7d50\u679c\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Edgar Klugman<\/span>\uff06<span lang=\"EN-US\">Sara Smilansky<\/span>\uff0c\u6842\u51a0\u524d\u77bb\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1999<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u80fd\u5f15\u9818\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u614b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8da8\u65bc\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u81ea\u5275\u80fd\u529b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Johnson<\/span>\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1928<\/span>\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">PatriciaMonighan-Nourot<\/span>\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1999<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u570b\u5167\u5b78\u8005\u9ec3\u745e\u7434\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1992<\/span>\uff09\u5373\u4ee5\u904a\u6232\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u9069\u5408\u6027\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5f37\u8abf\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u9700\u8981\u3001\u80fd\uf98a\u662f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7d44\u7e54\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u5e7c\u5152\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7d71\u6574\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5728\uf9e4\uf941\u6982\uf9a3\u4e0a\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u3001\u300c\u904e\u7a0b\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5e7c\u5152\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u3002\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8ab2\u7a0b\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5e7c\u5152\u5747\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u300c\u904e\u7a0b\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u904a\u6232\u662f\u5e7c\u5152\u751f\u9577\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3002\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u300c\u5e7c\u5152\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7531\u5e7c\u5152\u81ea\u767c\u3001\u5e7c\u5152\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u5e2b\u7d66\u4e88\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u904a\u6232\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u9069\u5408\u7684\u5e7c\u5152\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u5e7c\u5152\uf98e\u9f61\u8207\u500b\u5225\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff08\u5f15\u81ea\u8521\u5176\u84c1\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u53e6\u570b\u5916\u5b78\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">Van Hoorn,Scale, <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Moninghan-Nourot,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u548c<span lang=\"EN-US\">Alward<\/span>\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1999,2003<\/span>\uff09\u4e5f\u5c07\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7531\u81ea\u767c\u904a\u6232\u5230\u6559\u5e2b\u6307\u5c0e\u904a\u6232\u4f5c\u4e00\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1b\u53e6<span lang=\"EN-US\">Trawick-Smith<\/span>\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2001<\/span>\uff09\u6839\u64da\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u5c07\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5206\u6210\u56db\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">1 <\/span>\u975e\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">nonplay curriculum models<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">2 <\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">hands-off play curriculum<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">3 <\/span>\u72f9\u7fa9\u7126\u9ede\u7684\u904a\u6232\u4ecb\u5165\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">narrowly focused play intervention<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">4 <\/span>\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7126\u9ede\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">broadly focused developmental models<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u904a\u6232\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fc3\u9032\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7dad\u9ad8\u65af\u57fa\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Vygotsky<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4f6f\u88dd\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u76ae\u4e9e\u5091\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">Piaget<\/span>\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u5c0f\u5b69\u53bb\u719f\u7df4\u65b0\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6280\u5de7\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">James E Johnson<\/span>\u2027<span lang=\"EN-US\">James F Christie <\/span>\u2027<span lang=\"EN-US\">Thomas D YawKey<\/span>\uff0c\u5433\u5e78\u73b2 \u90ed\u93e1\u6643\u8b6f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">Van Hoorn <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff08\u5f15\u81ea\u8521\u5176\u84c1\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u904a\u6232\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u300c\u904a\u6232\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u300d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">play <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">-generated curriculum<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u89c0\u5bdf\u5e7c\u5152\u904a\u6232\u6642\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u8207\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u52a0\u6df1\u8207\u52a0\u5ee3\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u300c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\u904a\u6232\u300d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">curriculum <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\">-generated play<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5f9e\u89c0\u5bdf\u5e7c\u5152\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u898f\u5283\u64ec\u4f3c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u767c\u5e7c\u5152\u81ea\u767c\u904a\u6232\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8207\u6280\u5de7\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u672c\u5712\u4e4b\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u70ba\u806f\u7d50\u6b64\u5169\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5e7c\u5152\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e0b\uff0c\u898f\u5283\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u767c\u5e7c\u5152\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u904a\u6232\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8207\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5f15\u5c0e\u5e7c\u5152\u5efa\u69cb\u904a\u6232\u6216\u73a9\u5177\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u6750\u6599\u8207\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u300c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u751f\u6210\u904a\u6232\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u9032\u884c\u904a\u6232\u8207\u63a2\u7d22\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u904a\u6232\u7522\u751f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u300d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8166\u529b\u6fc0\u76ea\u8a0e\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5728\u5e7c\u5152\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u52a0\u6df1\u8207\u52a0\u5ee3\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e26\u518d\u9032\u884c\u904a\u6232\u8207\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u6aa2\u9a57\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u300c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u751f\u6210\u904a\u6232\u300d\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u300c\u904a\u6232\u7522\u751f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u300d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8207\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u5176\u67b6\u69cb\u5982\u5716<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: 24pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;text-indent: -14.65pt;margin-left: 0cm\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994602.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-bottom: 0px;border-left: 0px;border-top: 0px;border-right: 0px\" title=\"clip_image003\" border=\"0\" alt=\"clip_image003\" src=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2194\/6423\/6423-994603.gif\" width=\"240\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\" lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 150%\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7d30\u660e\u9ad4\">\u5716<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff1a\u904a\u6232\u8ab2\u7a0b\u67b6\u69cb\u5716<span lang=\"EN-US\"><span>&#160;&#160; <\/span><\/span>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u81ea\u88fd<span lang=\"EN-US\"> <\/p>\n<p> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; &#160; \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5e7c\u5152\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u5b78\u7fd2\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a \u4ee5\u6cf0\u96c5\u65cf\u84cb\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u7e54\u5e03\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u904a\u6232\u70ba\u4f8b \u9ec3\u54f2\u6069&#038;#160&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/2011\/12\/06\/100%e5%b9%b4%e5%ba%a62-4%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e6%9e%b6%e6%a7%8b\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">100\u5e74\u5ea62-4\u74b0\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u67b6\u69cb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3405,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c-21129","category-c-21287","without-featured-image"],"meta_key":{"_pingme":["1"],"_encloseme":["1"],"lt_post_id":["243988"]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3405"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2096,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions\/2096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2blog.ilc.edu.tw\/6423\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}